In this paper we discuss a technique for calculating moments of polydisperse materials in terms of concentration readings along the cell. The proposed method minimizes dependence on data from the en'd points ·where they may be unreliable'. An analysis is given of the errors involved in the use of the proposed method when the underlying molecular weight distribution is the Schulz distribution or...

Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) can indicate inbreeding, population stratification, and even problems in genotyping. In samples of affected individuals, these deviations can also provide evidence for association. Tests of HWE are commonly performed using a simple chi2 goodness-of-fit test. We show that this chi2 test can have inflated type I error rates, even in relatively larg...

The number of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased from around half a million in 2003 to almost 10 million in only 10 years, and will continue to increase in the coming years. Over 16 million more are eligible to start ART according to the last World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The demand is also switching from the less expensive antiretrovirals (ARVs) that al...

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-modulated (HCN) channels and cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are activated by the direct binding of cyclic nucleotides. The intracellular COOH-terminal regions exhibit high sequence similarity in all HCN and CNG channels. This region contains the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) and the C-linker region, which connects the CNBD to the p...

We have investigated the self-association properties of human apolipoprotein A-IV using several complementary physical techniques. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis demonstrated that human apolipoprotein A-IV formed oligomeric species in aqueous solution at physiologic pH. Computer analysis established that the best model of self-association is a monomer-dimer-tetramer scheme, with an unusuall...

We find the requirements on change of evolutionary stability of a mixed Nash equilibrium (NE) when a game changes its form from classical to quantum or conversely. We consider a quantized two players two strategies symmetric game. We find that an entangled state in a more general form is needed to affect evolutionary stability of a mixed NE than needed, with similar purpose, for a pure NE.

The relative merits of cooperation and self-interest in an ensemble of strategic interactions can be investigated by using finite random games. In finite random games, finitely many players have finite numbers of actions and independently and identically distributed (iid) random payoffs with continuous distribution functions. In each realization, players are shown the values of all payoffs and ...

In this paper, a model of partially mixed oligopoly with conjectured variations equilibrium (CVE) is studied. The agents make conjectures concerning the price variations depending upon their production output’s fluctuations. Existence and uniqueness results for the conjectured variations equilibrium (called an exterior equilibrium) is established for any collection of feasible conjectures. To d...

BACKGROUND Genetic variations in vitamin D receptor (VDR) may contribute to tuberculosis (TB) risk. Many studies have investigated the association between VDR BsmI gene polymorphism and TB risk, but yielded inconclusive results. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of 15 publications with a total of 2309 cases and 3568 controls. We assessed the strength of...

A compact MRI system for trabecular bone (TB) microstructure measurements of the distal radius was developed using a 1.0 T permanent magnet and a compact MRI console. TB microstructure of the distal radius was clearly visualized using a three-dimensional (3D) driven equilibrium spin-echo (DESE) sequence in 23 min. The image obtained had a sufficient spatial resolution (150 microm x 150 microm x...