let f, g and h be non-empty graphs. the notation f → (g,h) means that if any edge of f is colored by red or blue, then either the red subgraph of f con- tains a graph g or the blue subgraph of f contains a graph h. a graph f (without isolated vertices) is called a ramsey (g,h)−minimal if f → (g,h) and for every e ∈ e(f), (f − e) 9 (g,h). the set of all ramsey (g,h)−minimal graphs is denoted by ...

In plant photomorphogenesis, it is well accepted that the perception of red/far-red and blue light is mediated by distinct photoreceptor families, i.e., the phytochromes and blue-light photoreceptors, respectively. Here we describe the discovery of a photoreceptor gene from the fern Adiantum that encodes a protein with features of both phytochrome and NPH1, the putative blue-light receptor for ...

Different source of light can be used as a main in an open path optical method. Sunlight, tungsten lamp, LED, laser, mercury vapor lamp and halogen are the example source.It is important to test stability avoid inaccuracy measurement. The purpose this project determine which color laser has higher stability. Once switched on, intensity changes slowly until it comes stable state. Each different ...

Figure 1. Multistepped optogenetics (MSO) and its application to neurons in a trigeminal ganglion (TGG). (A) Schematic outline of MSO. (B) Schematic diagram of the IR-LEGO microscopic system. An IR laser beam (1462 nm) was introduced into the IR-LEGO optical unit through an optical fiber. The irradiation duration was controlled by a shutter unit. (C) Dorsal view of the head of a 3 dpf embryo of...

BACKGROUND Acne is common and can lead to scarring of the skin, as well as to psychological distress and reduced self-esteem. Most topical or oral treatments for acne are inconvenient and have side-effects. Laser and other light therapies have been reported to be convenient, safe and effective in treating acne. OBJECTIVES To carry out a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of lig...

By a polygonization of a finite point set S in the plane we understand a simple polygon having S as the set of its vertices. Let B and R be sets of blue and red points, respectively, in the plane such that B ∪ R is in general position, and the convex hull of B contains k interior blue points and l interior red points. Hurtado et al. found sufficient conditions for the existence of a blue polygo...

An oriented graph is 2-stratified if its vertex set is partitioned into two classes, where the vertices in one class are colored red and those in the other class are colored blue. Let H be a 2-stratified oriented graph rooted at some blue vertex. An H-coloring of an oriented graph D is a red-blue coloring of the vertices of D in which every blue vertex v belongs to a copy of H rooted at v in D....

Most dyes related to trypan blue inhibited hemolytic activity of oligonucleotide-streptolysin S (SLS) complex, an exotoxin produced by Streptococcus pyogenes. Order of the inhibition was: trypan blue greater than benzo blue 2B greater than Congo red greater than Evans blue greater than benzo purpurine 4B greater than thiazine red greater than trypan red. When resting streptococcal cells were in...

This work successfully develops a largely-gradient-pitched polymer-stabilized blue phase (PSBP) photonic bandgap (PBG) device with a wide-band spatial tunability in nearly entire visible region within a wide blue phase (BP) temperature range including room temperature. The device is fabricated based on the reverse diffusion of two injected BP-monomer mixtures with a low and a high chiral concen...

We consider a two-type oriented competition model on the first quadrant of the two-dimensional integer lattice. Each vertex of the space may contain only one particle, either Red or Blue. A vertex flips to the color of a randomly chosen southwest nearest neighbor at exponential rate equal to the number of occupied south-west neighbors. At time zero there is one Red particle located at (1,0) and...