In this paper, the role of the human being toe is investigated. The change of the sole pressure distribution using a sole pressure distribution measurement system and that of the toe pressure using a toe pressure measurement system at walk by the existence of a toe are investigated. In order to investigate the change of the whole walking, the affection of a walk posture using a 3D motion captur...

[Purposes] To investigate angular changes in the ankle joint and leg muscle activities during toe-gripping, and to examine the relationship between these changes and toe-gripping strength. [Subjects] Eleven healthy young women were selected. [Methods] We measured the toe-gripping strength, angular changes in the ankle joint, and leg muscle activities of all patients during toe-gripping. [Result...

Overlapping fifth toe is a congenital deformity and is characterized by an external rotation of the toe so that it overrides the adjacent fourth toe [1]. A number of factors may play a part in the pathophysiology of this condition including proximal phalanx axial rotation, medial deviation of the toe, skin contracture, and a hyperextension deformity of the Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint as a r...

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, also known as basal cell nevus syndrome, is an uncommon autosomal dominant hereditary disorder; which is characterized by numerous basal cell carcinomas, maxillary keratocysts and bones malformations. It results from a mutation of the PATCHED gene. The estimate incidence for a general population is 1/50000 to 1/150000. We present a 30 year-old woman, with no similar famil...

osting by E Abstract Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome (RTS) is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by mental retardation, broad thumbs and toes, short stature, growth retardation and distinctive facial features. We report an Egyptian patient, 5 months old with mild RTS. Our patient had mild mental retardation, growth retardation, microcephaly, hypertelorism, prominent peaked nose, hig...

Diabetes has been one of the most common chronic diseases all over the world. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the foot loading characteristics of diabetic patients with fifth-toe deformity through a comparative analysis with diabetic patients with healthy and normal feet. Six neuropathic diabetic female subjects with the fifth-toe deformation and six age-matched neuropath...

Objective The aim of this randomized controlled study was to investigate the effects of insoles with a toe-grip bar on toe function and standing balance in healthy young women. Methods Thirty female subjects were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group wore shoes with insoles with a toe-grip bar. The control group wore shoes with general insoles. ...

In 2009, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts implemented a global budget-based payment system, the Alternative Quality Contract (AQC), in which provider groups assumed accountability for spending. We investigate the impact of global budgets on the utilization of prescription drugs and related expenditures. Our analyses indicate no statistically significant evidence that the AQC reduced the ...

Did you ever play games such as Tic-Tac-Toe, its close relative n-in-a-row or Hex? Then you are already familiar with strong games. Strong games, as a specific type of Positional games, involve two players alternately claiming unoccupied elements of a set X, which is referred to as the board of the game. The two players are called Red (the first player) and Blue (the second player). The focus o...