Many research reports have concluded that emotional information can be processed without observers being aware of it. The case for perception without awareness has almost always been made with the use of facial expressions. In view of the similarities between facial and bodily expressions for rapid perception and communication of emotional signals, we conjectured that perception of bodily expre...

Humans normally experience the conscious self as localized within their bodily borders. This spatial unity may break down in certain neurological conditions such as out-of-body experiences, leading to a striking disturbance of bodily self-consciousness. On the basis of these clinical data, we designed an experiment that uses conflicting visual-somatosensory input in virtual reality to disrupt t...

This paper explores the physical kinetic interaction of a shape-changing interface (SCI) for the enrichment of bodily activity in a therapeutic context. In recent years, the use of human bodily movement as a major modality for a game interface has been explored in the field of interaction design, even in a therapeutic context. Previously, we developed MoleBot [2], a SCI based on an XY stage sys...

personal identity is a problem in the possibility of resurrection. what criterion is there that we can say a resurrected man is the same as the expired one? what is the answer in dualism, and what is in physicalism? does this question cause to deny possibility of resurrection? some philosopher claim that we have no criterion for identity between these two. and then, they conclude that after lif...

When we perform bodily gestures, are we ever literally thinking with our hands (arms, shoulders, etc.)? In the more precise, but correspondingly drier, technical language of contemporary philosophy of mind and cognition, essentially the same question might be asked as follows: are bodily gestures ever among the material vehicles that realize cognitive processes? More precisely still, is it ever...

Theories proposing that how one thinks and feels is influenced by feedback from the body remain controversial. A central but untested prediction of many of these proposals is that how well individuals can perceive subtle bodily changes (interoception) determines the strength of the relationship between bodily reactions and cognitive-affective processing. In Study 1, we demonstrated that the mor...

by the year 2020, the incidence of trauma has been predicted to rise worldwide and the death rate is expected to increase from 5.1 million to 8.4 million. the most important cause of death and severe morbidity up to the age of 45 years is traumatic brain injury, with or without polytrauma. since the early 1970s, traffic-related deaths in germany have dropped continuously—with the exception of t...

trauma is a leading cause of death and disability around the world. injuries are responsible for about six million deaths annually, of which ninety percent occur in developing countries. in iran, injuries are the most common cause of death among age groups below fifty. trauma system development is a systematic and comprehensive approach to injury prevention and treatment whose effectiveness has...