In humans and mice, loss of HOXA13 function causes defects in the growth and patterning of the digits and interdigital tissues. Analysis of Hoxa13 expression reveals a pattern of localization overlapping with sites of reduced Bmp2 and Bmp7 expression in Hoxa13 mutant limbs. Biochemical analyses identified a novel series of Bmp2 and Bmp7 enhancer regions that directly interact with the HOXA13 DN...

PURPOSE Reliable data about in vivo regulation of cytokines in early ankle osteoarthritis (OA) are still missing. METHODS 49 patients with a mean age of 33 ± 14 years undergoing an arthroscopy of the ankle with different stages of chronic OA were prospectively included in a clinical trial. Lavage fluids were analyzed by ELISA. Additionally, clinical parameters and scores (FFI, CFSS, and AOFAS...

This Classic Article is a reprint of the original work by Marshall R. Urist and Basil S. Strates, Bone Morphogenetic Protein. An accompanying biographical sketch of Marshall R. Urist, MD is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-009-1067-4; a second Classic Article is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-009-1069-2; and a third Classic Article is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-009-1070-9. The Classic Arti...

The answer is perhaps more apparent than what is generally believed. An experiment conducted by Ripamonti et al. (1997), provided a new concept, which moved away from studying the effects of single stimuli and how these effected bone formation. Loading a biomimetic matrix with more than one morphogen, osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) and TGF-β 1 , and then implanting these into heterotopic (non-bony...

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious traumatic disease of the central nervous system, and there currently no effective treatment for SCI because its complicated pathophysiology. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have multidirectional differentiation abilities. Our study aims to explore effects bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7)-modified BMSCs transplantation on repair in...