A chlorination method for the selective substitution of well-defined isolated silanol groups of the silica surface has been developed using the catalytic Appel reaction. Spectroscopic analysis, complemented by elemental microanalysis studies, reveals that a quantitative chlorination could be achieved with highly dehydroxylated silica materials that exclusively possess non-hydrogen bonded silano...

The present work presents the potential of different source waters to form several classes of emerging disinfection byproducts (DBPs), i.e., haloacetaldehydes and iodinecontaining DBPs, which have been scarcely investigated to date. To study this, laboratory controlled chlorination and chloramination reactions were performed with different source waters (in terms of natural organic matter and b...

BACKGROUND Plain pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) booster administered during second year of life has been shown to cause hyporesponsiveness. We assessed the effects of PPS booster on splenic memory B cell responses and persistence of PPS-specific long-lived plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). METHODS Neonatal mice were primed subcutanously (s.c.) or intranasally (i.n.) with pneumococcal c...

BACKGROUND Experience of hepatitis B vaccination in a contemporary renal replacement programme is reported. METHODS A total of 406 patients were involved: 214 on haemodialysis, 97 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, 67 predialysis (serum creatinine >400 micromol/l), and 28 with a failing transplant. Primary vaccination comprised recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix B) 40 microg ...

We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of two doses of a live-attenuated, tetravalent dengue virus vaccine (F17/Pre formulation) and a booster dose in a dengue endemic setting in two studies. Seven children (7- to 8-year-olds) were followed for 1 year after dose 2 and then given a booster dose (F17/Pre formulation), and followed for four more years (Child study). In the Infant study, 49 2-y...

The recent increase of pertussis in young adults in Japan is hypothesized to be due in part to waning protection from the acellular pertussis vaccine. While a booster immunization may prevent an epidemic of pertussis among these young adults, little is known about the safety and immunogenicity of such a booster with the diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP), which is curre...

The Fermilab Booster operates at a Radio Frequency (RF) harmonic number of 84 with beam in all buckets. One or two bunches of beam are systematically lost in the 8 GeV extraction process as beam is swept across a magnetic septum during the extraction kicker rise time. The prompt radiation and component activation resulting from this localized high energy beam loss become serious concerns as Boo...