Current concrete technology has made higher concrete grades more affordable to mid and high-rise buildings; hence its use has been increasing in the late years as it allows for smaller cross-sections, reduction of the structure’s weight, improve durability, among other benefits. However, it is known that brittleness of plain concrete increases with the strength; therefore, some national codes h...

Abstract One of the major concerns in seismic retrofitting masonry walls is that increasing ultimate load for out-of-plane forces. In multi-story buildings, these forces may originate from hammering actions floors, when earthquake direction orthogonal to wall. A possibility counteracting displacements retaining wall by building some buttresses, is, beams lean against and disposed vertically. An...

Given that concrete masonry walls are expected to experience shrinkage combined with thermal expansion and contraction, and in some cases even carbonation, throughout their service life, cracking is to be expected. However, after concrete masonry walls have been placed into service, originally anticipated and accounted for cracking is often misdiagnosed as a structural defect. Such misdiagnoses...

Abstract Mortar-less construction with interlocking bricks has many advantages, such as improved efficiency and relatively low requirements on labour skills. Nevertheless, the seismic performance of brick structures is not well understood yet. In this paper, laboratory tests numerical modelling are carried out to investigate behaviour walls. Laboratory shaking table performed a scaled reinforce...

An effort is made to evaluate the formulation of seismic active earth pressure behind a nonvertical retaining wall supporting c-Ф backfill. The formulation is prepared to get a single critical wedge surface for simultaneous action of weight, surcharge, cohesion and adhesion. The success of any retaining structure involves the awareness of seismic active earth pressure. The effect of various par...

This paper introduces a finite element scheme and a systematic calibration approach for masonry infilled RC frames. The modeling scheme combines the smeared crack approach with discrete crack elements to allow for the opening of diffused flexural and dominant shear cracks. It is, therefore, able to capture the nonlinear material behavior and the interaction of the infill wall with the bounding ...

The recent re-assessment of the seismic hazard in Europe led for many regions of low to moderate seismicity to an increase in the seismic demand. As a consequence, several modern unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings, constructed with reinforced concrete (RC) slabs that provide an efficient rigid diaphragm action, no longer satisfy the seismic design check and have been retrofitted by adding or ...

We have developed the new hybrid structure of CLT infill and steel frame for middle-rise high-rise buildings. This structural system can achieve high potential panel by holding around with frame. Steel support sustained load a building without panels build long-span beams reasonably. Compression stress seismic be transmitted to upper bottom through strength mortal layer, secure shear as boundar...