Botulinum toxins are among the most potent neurotoxins known to humans. In the past 25 years, botulinum toxin has emerged as both a potential weapon of bioterrorism and as a powerful therapeutic agent, with growing applications in neurological and non-neurological disease. Botulinum toxin is unique in its ability to target peripheral cholinergic neurons, preventing the release of acetylcholine ...

This is a retrospective case series describing the use of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of children with congenital muscular torticollis who fail to progress with conservative management. A total of 27 children with congenital muscular torticollis, 6-18 mos of age, received 30 botulinum toxin type A injections into their sternocleidomastoid or upper trapezius muscle, or both, at a ped...

Use of botulinum toxin is expanding as the clinical studies demonstrate new potential therapeutic applications. In rehabilitation, botulinum toxin is above all used as adjunct therapy for the treatment of spasticity, but it may prove useful for other atypical clinical situations. A 17-year-old man had a sub-arachnoid haemorrhage following the rupture of cerebral aneurism. The patient presented ...

We report a case of unilateral transient mydriasis and ptosis after botulinum toxin injection applied by a medical doctor for a cosmetic procedure. A 36-year-old nurse was referred to our eye clinic with unilateral mydriasis and ptosis in the right eye 3 days after botulinum toxin injection for a cosmetic procedure. Botulinum toxin was applied to her eye by a doctor at her hospital who was not ...

Main results At 1 and 2 months, more patients allocated to botulinum toxin than to placebo had healed fissures (p=0.05 at 1 month and p=0.003 at 2 months) and symptomatic relief (p=0.003 for both 1 and 2 months follow up) (table). 4 patients who still had fissures were retreated with botulinum toxin, 25 U, and all achieved complete healing within 2 months of rescue treatment. No relapses occurr...

BACKGROUND A paucity of reports exist on the use of botulinum toxin type A injections as an alternative noninvasive treatment for masseteric hypertrophy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of botulinum toxin type A on masseteric hypertrophy using computed tomography. METHODS Percutaneous intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin type A of 30 U per side was carried out in 11 subjects with m...

OBJECTIVE To determine if the use of botulinum toxin during cheiloplasty could help in the management of tension at the surgical wound level. INTERVENTIONS Five children younger than six months of age, who were born with complete cleft lip and palate, were treated with a dose of 10 units of botulinum toxin injected into the upper lip during surgery. Before the surgery, an electromyographic st...

Fluorescent-antibody reagents were prepared against vegetative cells of representative strains of each physiological group and toxin type of Clostridium botulinum known to have caused botulism in humans. A fluorescent-antibody reagent was also prepared for C. botulinum type G, which has been isolated from autopsy specimens but which has not clearly been implicated in botulism. These fluorescent...

purpose: to report the outcomes of surgical and non-surgical treatment for sixth nerve palsy and paresis in our center. methods: hospital records of 33 patients (35 eyes) with sixth nerve dysfunction who were referred to labbafinejad medical center from september 1996 to september 2006 and underwent surgical procedures or botulinum toxin injection were reviewed. results: patients were divided i...

The aim of the study is to evaluate knowledge and awareness level medical students through a questionnaire about botulinum toxin, which widely used in medicine. correct answer(s) each question explained at end thus it aimed encourage learn more subject by providing necessary information. cross-sectional descriptive conducted Google survey method Osmangazi Medical Faculty 2020-2021 academic year...