nowadays, tunneling in urban areas is a common activity for a variety of transportations such as subways, water supply, lifelines andsewers that may require blast operations. the characteristics of stress waves of the blast are quite different from earthquake waves. the blast waves are usually of high frequency content, short duration, equality of amplitudes in horizontal and vertical direction...

impact pile driving is a multi-component problem which is associated to multi-directional ground vibrations. at first, vibration is transferred from the hammer to the pile and then to the common interface of pile and soil. this is then transferred to the environment and has great impact on the adjacent structures, causing disturbance to residents and also damage to the buildings. it is of high ...

nowadays, tunneling in urban areas is a common activity for a variety of transportations such as subways, water supply, lifelines andsewers that may require blast operations. the characteristics of stress waves of the blast are quite different from earthquake waves. the blast waves are usually of high frequency content, short duration, equality of amplitudes in horizontal and vertical direction...