BACKGROUND Health worker migration from resource-poor countries to developed countries, also known as ''brain drain'', represents a serious global health crisis and a significant barrier to achieving global health equity. Resource-poor countries are unable to recruit and retain health workers for domestic health systems, resulting in inadequate health infrastructure and millions of dollars in h...

BACKGROUND There has been substantial immigration of physicians to developed countries, much of it coming from lower-income countries. Although the recipient nations and the immigrating physicians benefit from this migration, less developed countries lose important health capabilities as a result of the loss of physicians. METHODS Data on the countries of origin, based on countries of medical...

ing from the brain drain, the welfare impact of emigration is likely to be small and more than offset by the flow of remittances. However, the calculations in the previous section assume labour to be homogeneous. Still, the most often voiced concern is that migration deprives sending countries of their most skilled and most entrepreneurial workers. Skilled workers may generate strong positive e...

The brain has traditionally been considered an immune privileged organ, in part due to the lack of evidence for lymphatic vasculature (Galea et al., 2007). Two centuries ago, the existence of lymphatic vessels on the surface of the human brain was proposed but it has since been widely dismissed (Lukic et al., 2003). Therefore, while T cells leave all other organs via the lymphatic system to rea...