Participants attempted to perform two tasks concurrently during simulated driving. In the choice task, they responded either manually or vocally to the number of times a visual or auditory stimulus occurred; in the braking task, they depressed a brake pedal in response to the lead car's brake lights. The time delay between the onset of the tasks' stimuli, or stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), was...

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) requires that the driver intervene in situations that exceed the capability of ACC. A brake pulse might provide a particularly compatible means of alerting the driver to situations in which the acceleration authority of the ACC has been exceeded. This study examined the sensitivity of the driver to brake pulses of five different amplitudes (0.01-0.025 g) and five d...

The atmospheric re-entry domain is considered as a cornerstone of a wide range of space applications encompassing the planetary exploration, the sample return, the future launchers, the space planes, the crew and the cargo transportation. The IXV (Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle), as shown by Fig. 1 is an “intermediate” element of a European roadmap for in-flight technology verification; the ...

Bacteria navigate environments full of various chemicals to seek favorable places for survival by controlling the flagella's rotation using a complicated signal transduction pathway. By influencing the pathway, bacteria can be engineered to search for specific molecules, which has great potential for application to biomedicine and bioremediation. In this study, genetic circuits were constructed...

Disk brake squeal noise is mainly due to unstable friction-induced vibration. A typical disk brake system includes two pads, a rotor, a caliper and a piston. In order to predict if a disk brake system will generate squeal, the finite element method (FEM) is used to simulate the system. At the contact interfaces between the pads and the rotor, the normal displacement is continuous and Coulomb’s ...

A fixture is designed and built to hold, support and locate every component to ensure that each is drilled or machined with accuracy and manufactured individually. A fixture can be designed for a particular job. A brake spider includes a spider body with a central opening and a slot for receiving a camshaft and bracket assembly. The brake spider is attached to axle housing via the central openi...

This field experiment takes a novel approach in applying methodologies and theories of visual search to the subject of conspicuity in automobile rear lighting. Traditional rear lighting research has not used the visual search paradigm in experimental design. It is our claim that the visual search design uniquely uncovers visual attention processes operating when drivers search the visual field ...

The present paper deals with design, construction and working of Accelerator and Brake operated by one pedal, which may be a technique for reducing road accidents. The main objective of this innovation is to eliminate the operator’s risk of pressing the wrong pedal at the time of emergency as well as reduction in the driver’s reaction time to switch from accelerator to brakes or vice versa. Thi...

The increasing vehicular population leads to consumption of petroleum fuels at a faster rate. This problem results increase in the danger of petroleum fuels depletion and the remarkable increase in high crude oil prices. The increasing consumption of petroleum products has been a matter of great concern for the country for the financial growth as well as environmental pollution abatement. The s...

Tire dust is a significant pollutant, especially as a source of zinc in the urban environment. This study characterizes the morphology and chemical composition of heavy metal particles embedded in tire dust and traffic-related materials (brake dust, yellow paint, and tire tread) as measured by a field emission scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (F...