Pulmonary congestion leads to an increase in airway resistance. It is still unknown whether this is due to vascular engorgement or to submucosal oedema. The present study was designed to determine the relative contribution of these two potential mechanisms. We examined the effect of intravenous volume loading on canine peripheral airway resistance (Rp). Bronchoscopes were wedged in contralatera...

Ticks are potent vectors of many deadly human and animal pathogens. Tick-borne babesiosis is a well-recognized malaria-like disease that occurs worldwide and recently has attracted increased attention as an emerging zoonosis. Although the proliferation of Babesia organisms is essential in the vectors, their detailed lifecycle with time information for migration in ticks remains unknown. A novel...

The objective of this work was to study the reproductive behavior of two strains of R. (B.) microplus, one wild-caught (Native) and one reference strain (Media Joya) for two years, measuring the reproductive efficiency index (REI) and reproductive aptitude index (RAI). Engorged ticks from each strain were collected monthly from February 2002 to February 2004. These were weighed and kept in the ...

Ecdysteroidogenesis is essential for arthropod development and reproduction. Although the importance of ecdysteroids has been demonstrated, there is little information on the sites and enzymes for synthesis of ecdysteroids from Chelicerates. Ecdysteroid functions have been well studied in the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata, making this species an excellent candidate for elucidating ecdysteroido...

1. Salivary glands of the female ixodid tick, Dermacentor andersoni, secrete fluid in vitro when bathed in a slightly modified version of the mammalian tissue culture medium 'TC 199'. 2. Rate of salivation in vitro increases with progression of feeding, but there is no comparable increase in dry weight of the salivary glands during the early phase of engorgement. Engorged ticks secreted at only...

Objective: Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) account for 10%-15% of all intracranial arteriovenous lesions. Some dural AVFs produce ocular symptoms include proptosis, diplopia, episcleral venous engorgement, periorbital swelling, extraocular muscle limitation, visual field defect, and papillaedema. Materials and Methods: We reviewed four patients who had dural AVFs with ophthalmi...

Female Amblyomma hebraeum ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) increase their weight ∼10-fold during a 'slow phase of engorgement' (7-9 days), and a further 10-fold during the 'rapid phase' (12-24h). During the rapid phase, the cuticle thins by half, with a plastic (permanent) deformation of greater than 40% in two orthogonal directions. A stress of 2.5 MPa or higher is required to achieve this degree of de...

Many breastfeeding mothers struggle with an overabundant milk supply, or hypergalactia, beyond the first few weeks of engorgement. There has been very little research done to define, to explain, or to assist in managing this problem. Lactation specialists have identified several challenges for women with hypergalactia. Hypergalactia is also termed hyperlactation, oversupply, and engorgement, de...

• Hirayama disease is characterized by progressive, yet self-limited, neurogenic wasting and weakness of the distal upper extremities. • Its pathogenesis is unclear. We present the case of a typical young man with Hirayama disease in which CT venography (CTV) of the neck in attempted neck flexion showed engorgement of the epidural venous plexus, anterior displacement of the dura, and posterior ...