Leaching of arsenic from brick manufactured from arsenic and iron sludge has been investigated in this study. TCLP result shows that leached metal concentrations are far below the regulated TCLP limits and the quantities of metal leached from sludge are less than those from dried sludge. The results of Atterberg limits tests of moulded sludge-clay mixtures indicated that both plastic index and ...

The splashing of a water drop is a fascinating phenomenon that results from a variety of complex interactions between the drop and the material it impacts. In general, the distribution of droplets of a splash depends on the drop size and velocity; the surface roughness, rigidity, and wetness; and the angle of impact. Given the number of factors involved, it is difficult to develop an analytical...

Historically, the success of automation has relied on two factors. The first is an understanding of the assembly process, first discovered and performed by hand, then captured, studied, and expressed in a technology. The second factor is the standardization of component properties. The standardization of component properties creates a marketplace in which many vendors can create components comp...

Romans, Jews, Arabs and Christians built the ancient city of Toledo (Spain) with bricks as the main construction material. Manganese micro-nodules (circa 2 microm in diameter) have grown under the external bio-film surface of the bricks. Recent anthropogenic activities such as industrial emissions, foundries, or traffic and housing pollution have further altered these old bricks. The energy-dis...

Engineers and architects are using engineering simulations to design buildings to attain energy efficiency, sustainable goals and utilize renewable resources. Fluid dynamics simulations have proven to be a powerful and effective tool providing flexible solutions. These simulations are used as an optimization and validation tool at an early phase in the design process. Building, as one of the la...

Water treatment plants produce a huge amount of sludge, which are ultimately disposed to the nearest water channel, leading harmful effects. This unmanaged wastewater plant sludge (WTS) results in social and environmental concerns. Therefore, utilization WTS construction activities can be viable option for management waste sustainable infrastructures. The main aim this study was investigate pot...

BACKGROUND Kabul, Afghanistan, is the largest focus of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in the world. ACL is a protozoan disease transmitted to humans by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. Although not fatal, ACL can lead to considerable stigmatization of affected populations. METHODS Using data from a standardized survey of 872 households in 4 wards of Kabul, Afghanistan, univar...

How will consumption patterns change when consumers move from brick-and-mortar to Internet markets? If consumers purchase more niche products online than at brick-andmortar stores, does this have something to do with the channel or is this solely due to selection effects: the types of consumers who decide to use the Internet channel or the types of products that consumers select to purchase onl...

Bricks manufactured from dried sludge collected from an industrial wastewater treatment plant were investigated. Results of tests indicated that the sludge proportion and the firing temperature were the two key factors determining the brick quality. Increasing the sludge content results in a decrease of brick shrinkage, water absorption, and compressive strength. Results also showed that the br...