Insulin hormone is an important part of the endocrine system. It contains two polypeptide chains and plays a pivotal role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism. Insulin receptors (IR) located on cell surface interacts with insulin to control the intake of glucose. Although several studies have tried to clarify the interaction between insulin and its receptor, the mechanism of this interaction r...

In piezoresisitive two-axis accelerometers with two proof masses suspended by cantilever beams, there are generally many ways to configure the Wheatstone bridges. The configurations are different both with respect to functionality and performance. The main distinction is between bridges that contain resistors belonging to both proof masses, and the one bridge that doesn’t. We compare the differ...

Finite element analysis methods have been used to calculate the effects of trimming bridges on the first several frequencies of vibration. Violin bridges and both standard and Belgian designs of cello bridges have been investigated. Calculations of both in-plane and out-of-plane vibrating modes have been made when the feet were rigidly fixed. In one case, no motion out-of-plane was permitted. I...

A system reliability approach to minimizing the life-cycle cost of a deteriorating structure offers significant advantages such as a rational assessment of the assumed risk of failure, and an understanding of the importance and contribution of individual components to the overall reliability of the structure. The reliability of a structural system as a whole is the measure of its overall perfor...

This development provides a formalization of undirected graphs and simple graphs, which are based on Benedikt Nordhoff and Peter Lammich’s simple formalization of labelled directed graphs [4] in the archive. Then, with our formalization of graphs, we have shown both necessary and sufficient conditions for Eulerian trails and circuits [2] as well as the fact that the Königsberg Bridge problem do...

The Bridges of Königsberg is one of the most famous problems in graph theory. In the summer of 2005, two of the authors visited Königsberg, now called Kaliningrad. This article provides geographical and historical information on Königsberg and its bridges, as well as updated information on the current day situation. Key-words: graph theory, arc routing, history, Euler.

16. Abstract Two prestressed high performance concrete (HPC) highway bridges were constructed in Texas utilizing concrete with 56 day design strengths of up to 97 MPa (14,000 psi). The utilization of HPC allowed for longer spans and larger girder spacing than typically used in conventional prestressed concrete bridges. An extensive research program was conducted to monitor the shortand long-ter...

We report an extensive scanning electron microscope (SEM) study of cleavage planes, cell shape changes, and cell lineages during cleavage of the asexual embryo of Volvox carteri f. nagariensis. Although our data generally confirm the basic description of cleavage developed by others using light microscopy, there is one important exception. We observed that the fourth cleavage plane is much more...

Liquid bridges have been the focus of numerous theoretical and experimental investigations since the early work by Plateau more than a century ago. More recently, motivated by interest in their physical behavior and their occurrence in a variety of technological situations, there has been a resurgence of interest in the static and dynamic behavior of liquid bridges. Furthermore, opportunities t...

The dynamic effect of moving vehicles on bridges is generally treated as a dynamic load allowance (or dynamic impact factor) in many design codes. Due to the road surface deterioration of existing bridges, studies have shown that the calculated impact factors from field measurements could be higher than the values specified in design codes that mainly target at new bridge designs. This paper de...