Frequently there comes to the laryngologist, bronchoscopist, and pulmonologist a desire to possess three hands. This is especially true during the process of anesthetizing the larynx, trachea, or bronchi. The usual procedure is to hold the mirror in one hand, the cannula in the other, using the patient or an assistant to make traction on the tongue. This means a total of three hands about the m...

The within subject variability of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volumes in one second (FEV1) and half a second (FEV0.5), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and flow rates at 25-75%, 75-85%, 25%, 50%, and 75% of expired FVC were assessed among 7 year old children from the general population. Within occasion variability in 232 children was lowest for FVC (coefficient of variation (CV) 5...

This international task force report updates general considerations for bronchial challenge testing and the performance of the methacholine challenge test. There are notable changes from prior recommendations in order to accommodate newer delivery devices. Rather than basing the test result upon a methacholine concentration (provocative concentration (PC20) causing a 20% fall in forced expirato...

The mechanisms by which deep inspiration (DI) avoidance increases airway responsiveness in healthy subjects are not known. DI avoidance does not alter respiratory mechanics directly; however, computational modeling has predicted that DI avoidance would increase baseline ventilation heterogeneity. The aim was to determine if DI avoidance increased baseline ventilation heterogeneity and whether t...

The authors present the in vivo investigation options drug allergy. In suspicion of induced hypersensitivity reaction prick testing, intradermal testing and patch are recommended according to assumed immuno-mechanism. If these examinations negative, next step is provocation test, which gold standard diagnosis We summarize methods, indications contraindications evaluationof each focusing on issu...

OBJECTIVE There is conflicting evidence about resting carbon dioxide levels in asthmatic individuals. We wanted to determine if transcutaneously measured carbon dioxide levels prior and during bronchial provocation testing differ according to asthma status reflecting dysfunctional breathing. METHODS We investigated active firefighters and policemen by means of a validated questionnaire on res...

A single course of two intraperitoneal injections of formalin-inactivated virus of Russian spring-summer encephalitis induced in albino mice a solidly immune state which endured almost throughout life. Active virus is therefore not essential for the production of a high degree of lasting immunity. The immune response to vaccination consists of resistance to peripherally introduced active virus ...

Early diagnosis of lung cancer still poses a major issue, with a large proportion of patients diagnosed at late stages. Therapeutic options and treatment remain limited in these patients. In most cases only palliative therapies are available to alleviate any severe symptoms. Endobronchial cryotherapy (EC) is one form of palliative treatment offered to patients with obstructive airway tumours. A...

Faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) and colonoscopy are two common screening tools for colorectal cancer(CRC). Most cost-effectiveness studies focused on survival as the outcome, and were based on modeling techniques instead of real world observational data. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of these two tests to detect colorectal neoplastic lesions based on data from a 5-year communit...

BACKGROUND The airway response to bronchial provocation may be evaluated by monitoring the fall in transcutaneous oxygen tension (PtcO2) but the repeatability of this method has not been rigorously assessed. METHODS To determine the repeatability of this indirect method of assessment, bronchial challenge was performed with methacholine in nine children with stable asthma (age range 6-12 years...