QUESTION Recently, a 1-year-old patient returned from admission in the hospital for bronchiolitis, and the report I received indicated that he was treated with inhaled hypertonic saline, among other treatments. Is this therapy recommended for children in the acute care setting? ANSWER Bronchiolitis, caused mostly by respiratory syncytial virus, is very common in the winter. It is the most fre...

It is well known that early detection of epidemics is imperative to effective control; hence, infectious disease surveillance has been conducted in many countries for decades. Traditional methods of reporting diseases (e.g., notifiable disease surveillance, laboratory-based surveillance) are currently linked to less specific, but more reactive methods (1). These include syndromic surveillance, ...

OBJECTIVES Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospital admission for infants, but few studies have examined management of this condition in community hospital settings. We reviewed the management of children with bronchiolitis presenting to community hospitals in Ontario. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive cohort of infants less than 12 months old with bronchiolitis who pres...

This study was conducted during the 2008-2009 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season in France to compare hospitalization rates for bronchiolitis (RSV-confirmed and all types) between very preterm infants (<33 weeks' gestational age, WGA) without bronchopulmonary dysplasia and full-term infants (39-41 WGA) matched for date of birth, gender and birth location, and to evaluate the country-speci...

BACKGROUND The mother's immune status can be achieved by genetic and breastfeeding impact descendants of the immune system. The study aimed to determine whether a mother's immune status and breastfeeding practices were related to development of bronchiolitis in her infant. METHODS The frequency of T, B and natural kill (NK) cells in patients' blood and their mothers' breast milk was determine...

To the Editor: The article of Galbraith and Weill (2009), which seriously questions whether diacetyl-induced bronchiolitis obliterans exists, also expressed doubt about the validity of the diagnoses of the two cases reported by the California Department of Health Services (Harrison 2006). We agree that the CAT scan results alone do not establish the diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans; howeve...

OBJECTIVE To compare asthma and bronchiolitis hospitalization rates in American Indian and Alaskan native (AI/AN) children and all children in Washington State. METHODS A retrospective data analysis using Washington State hospitalization data for 1987 through 1996. Patients were included if asthma or bronchiolitis was the first-listed diagnosis. American Indian and Alaskan native children wer...

BACKGROUND Exposure to perinatal anxiety affects disease susceptibility in offspring but studies on the association between perinatal anxiety and gene polymorphisms are lacking. This study aimed to elucidate the interaction between perinatal anxiety and polymorphisms in antioxidant defense and innate immunity genes on the development of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) during early infancy. ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of palivizumab licensing for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis on national pediatric ICU (PICU) admissions and on the need for mechanical ventilation due to RSV bronchiolitis in Israel. DESIGN Prospective national surveillance survey. SETTING All PICUs in Israel. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS All patients admitted to a PICU because of acute bro...