The magnitude of demand for planting materials in grape, mainly for rootstock genotypes indicates that micropropagation is inevitably necessary for their mass scale propagation. Therefore, the studies on micropropagation of four genetically different grape rootstocks namely Dogridge (Vitis champini), SO4 (V. riparia× V. berlandieri), H-144 (V. vinifera × V. labrusca) and 3309 C (V. riparia × V....

We present a stochastic cellular automaton model for the behavior of limb bud precartilage mesenchymal cells undergoing chondrogenic patterning. This "agent-oriented" model represents cells by points on a lattice that obey rules motivated by experimental findings. The "cells" follow these rules as autonomous agents, interacting with other cells and with the microenvironments cell activities pro...

Foliar explants of Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi n.c. were cultured on four different media: a basal medium, basal medium plus benzyladenine, basal medium plus 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and the basal medium containing both hormones. No differentiation or cell division occurred in leaf explants cultured on the basal medium. Addition of benzyladenine caused the formation of buds on th...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown disparities between Black and Hispanic patients compared with other populations in response to asthma medications. OBJECTIVE The aim of this analysis was to assess the effect of budesonide/formoterol pressurized metered-dose inhaler (BUD/FM pMDI) and BUD on predefined criteria for asthma worsening, an asthma control metric generally aligned with definiti...

In Hydra, head regeneration and bud formation appear to be very similar processes. The fact that there are genes whose expression is specific for one of the two processes suggests that they do not have identical molecular bases. We analyzed the signal transduction pathways regulating bud development using inhibitors of protein kinase C, Src, PI3K and ERK. The four inhibitors reversibly blocked ...

Bud growth in yeast is guided by myosin-driven delivery of secretory vesicles from the mother cell to the bud. We find transport occurs along two sets of actin cables assembled by two formin isoforms. The Bnr1p formin assembles cables that radiate from the bud neck into the mother, providing a stable mother-bud axis. These cables also depend on septins at the neck and are required for efficient...

To determine whether the innervation of taste buds changes during postnatal development, the number of geniculate ganglion cells that innervated single fungiform taste buds were quantified in the tip- and midregions of the tongue of adult and developing rats. There was substantial variation in both the size of individual taste buds and number of geniculate ganglion cells that innervated them. I...

The mammalian metanephric kidney develops through ureteric bud branching morphogenesis and tubule formation and involves secreted inductive signals and possibly their antagonists to regulate the process. Sprouty (spry) genes encode antagonists of FGFs and the EGF signalling pathways. To get an insight to potential developmental roles of the spry genes, the expression of spry1, 2 and 4 was analy...