Budesonide is a corticosteroid used by inhalation in the prophylactic management of asthma. However, frequent dosing and adverse effects (local and systemic) remain a major concern in the use of budesonide. Liposomal systems for sustained pulmonary drug delivery have been particularly attractive because of their compatibility with lung surfactant components. In the present investigation, pulmon...

OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that adding montelukast to budesonide would improve asthma control in children with inhaled glucocorticoid-dependent persistent asthma. STUDY DESIGN In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover study, we compared the benefit of adding montelukast, 5 mg, or placebo once daily to budesonide, 200 microg, twice daily. RESULTS After a 1-month run-in wi...

This investigation is part of a continuing effort to develop effective chemoprevention for carcinogenesis of the lung. The present study explores the use of aerosol administrations for this purpose. The agent selected for initial study was the synthetic glucocorticoid budesonide. This selection was based on previous work in which budesonide added to the diet was found to inhibit pulmonary adeno...

BACKGROUND It is important to be able to compare the efficacy and systemic effects of inhaled corticosteroids but their slow onset of action makes it difficult to measure the maximum response to a given dose. Submaximal responses could be compared if the time course of action of the inhaled corticosteroids being compared was similar. We have compared the time course of action of fluticasone and...

BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, leading to structura1 changes in the airway, collectively termed airway remodeling. Airway remodeling is thought to contribute to airway hyper responsiveness and irreversible airflow limitation. The combination of Herba Epimedii (HE) and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) decoction and the systemic administration of glucocorticoids (...

Pulmonary macrophages are a target for inhaled therapies. Combinations of long-acting beta(2)-agonists (LABA) and glucocorticosteroids have been developed for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study examined two LABA, salmeterol and formoterol, and the glucocorticosteroid, budesonide, on cytokine release from monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) to determine whether an...

AIMS To determine effects on short term growth and collagen turnover of adding formoterol (Eformoterol) to half the glucocorticoid dose in children with asthma, treated with inhaled budesonide (Pulmicort Turbuhaler). DESIGN A randomised double blind, placebo controlled crossover study with two six-week periods. SETTING Outpatient clinic in secondary referral centre. SUBJECTS A total of 27...

OBJECTIVE Nebulized budesonide and nebulized adrenaline have been shown to be effective in the treatment of moderately severe croup. However, there has been no direct comparison of these therapies. We undertook a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel group study in 66 hospitalized children with viral or spasmodic croup. METHODS Children 0.5 to 6 years of age were assessed using a va...

The effect of formoterol, alone and in combination with budesonide, upon tumour necrosis factor-alpha stimulated (10 ng x mL(-1)) human bronchial epithelial cells was investigated. Addition of formoterol (> or = 10(-10) M) reduced granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels, as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, by 40-50% and increased interleukin (IL)-8 levels ...

The aim of the study was to investigate how the fine particle content of lactose carriers prepared with different types of lactose fines regulates dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation performance of a cohesive batch of micronised budesonide. Budesonide formulations (0.8 wt%) were prepared with three different lactose carriers (Lactohale (LH) LH100, 20 wt% LH210 in LH100 and 20 wt% LH300 in LH10...