Four methods of extraction and three methods of concentration of three enteric viruses from mussels were comparatively evaluated by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Shellfish were experimentally contaminated by immersion in seawater seeded with astrovirus, hepatitis A virus, or poliovirus. Sixty-gram samples of mussel tissues were processed by using borate buffer, glycine solution, saline be...

Isometric, electrically paced strips of cardiac ventricle from two species of fish (plaice, Pleuronectes platessa; cod, Gadus morrhua) with different tolerance to hypoxia were compared with respect to effects of hypercapnic acidosis. Acidosis was induced by altering the equilibrating gas mixture for the muscle strip chamber from 3% CO2 in 97% 02 to 15% CO2 in 85% O2. The pH was varied further b...

Software clones – similar program structures repeated in variant forms – increase the risk of update anomalies, blow up the program size and complexity, possibly contributing to high maintenance costs. Yet, programs are often polluted by clones. In this paper, we present a case study of cloning in the Java Buffer library, JDK 1.5. We found that at least 68% of code in the Buffer library was con...

There is little understanding about the role eastern US forested headwater riparian areas play in protecting aquatic habitats and water quality from impacts of side slope forest harvest. To better understand this important riparian area function, we selected three sites frommanagement units with a 2-age regeneration silvicultural prescription located on the Nantahala National Forest, North Caro...

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health method 7703 is a portable field procedure for the analysis of workplace air filter samples for hexavalent chromium (CrVI) content immediately after the samples are collected. The field method prescribes CrVI extraction from air filter samples with an ammonium sulfate/ammonium hydroxide extraction buffer using ultrasonic extraction (UE). Stro...

Herein, we demonstrated a simple, rapid and automated RNA purification system based on a centrifugal force using three passive capillary valves and a silica sol-gel matrix. We designed three reservoirs (sample, washing solution, elution buffer) which were connected with different dimensional microfluidic channels. By controlling RPM, we could dispense the RNA sample, washing solution, and eluti...

Buffer overflow vulnerabilities in the memory stack continue to pose serious threats to network and computer security. By exploiting these vulnerabilities, a malicious party can strategically overwrite the return address of a procedure call, obtain control of a system, and subsequently launch more virulent attacks. Software countermeasures for such intrusions entail modifications to application...

A critical step in the bacteriophage life cycle is genome ejection into host bacteria. The ejection process for double-stranded DNA phages has been studied thoroughly in vitro, where after triggering with the cellular receptor the genome ejects into a buffer. The experimental data have been interpreted in terms of the decrease in free energy of the densely packed DNA associated with genome ejec...

CeO2/La2Zr2O7 composite buffer layers were deposited on Ni-W tapes using chemical solution method. YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films were then deposited on the CeO2/La2Zr2O7 composite buffer layers using a low-fluorine solution route. Effect of the annealing temperature and annealing atmosphere on the texture of the CeO2 layers was investigated. It was found that CeO2 film annealed at 1000°C under the a...

Electron transfer (ET) in sulphite oxidase (SOx), a heme- and molybdopterin cofactor-containing enzyme, was studied spectroelectrochemically using capillary gold electrode modified with aldrithiol. Direct electron exchange between SOx and the surface of modified gold was observed, with a formal potential of -115 mV vs. Agmid R:AgCl, KCl(sat) at pH 7.0. This value agreed well with that previousl...