Autophagy is the major pathway for the delivery of cytoplasmic material to the vacuole or lysosome. Selective autophagy is mediated by cargo receptors, which link the cargo to the scaffold protein Atg11 and to Atg8 family proteins on the forming autophagosomal membrane. We show that the essential kinase Hrr25 activates the cargo receptor Atg19 by phosphorylation, which is required to link cargo...

Cargo crime is steadily on the rise. An industry estimate states that losses from cargo, in storage or in transit surpasses $ 3050 billion per year, globally. Law enforcement officials in the US state that $ 12 million plus worth of goods are stolen from factory floors, warehouse shelves or in transit, each year (1998). With all this and more, is the cargo transportation industry turning a deaf...

Air cargo parties are becoming increasingb aware of the importance of Information Technology and more and more, they are understanding the value which Information Technology could provide for the total value chain performance. However, whereas in other sectors Information Technology has scored big successes, there are no real signs of successful global cotnmuni~ systems in the air cargo communi...

The hopping model for cargo transport by molecular motors introduced in Refs. [12, 13] is extended in order to incorporate the movement of cargo-motor complexes (C-MC). Hopping processes in this context expresses the possibility for cargo to be exchanged between neighboring motors at a microtubule where the transport takes place. Jamming of motors is essential for cargos to execute long-range m...

We prove that the Besicovitch Covering Property (BCP) does not hold for some classes of homogeneous quasi-distances on Carnot groups of step 3 and higher. As a special case we get that, in Carnot groups of step 3 and higher, BCP is not satisfied for those homogeneous distances whose unit ball centered at the origin coincides with a Euclidean ball centered at the origin. This result comes in con...

In many cellular contexts, cargo is transported bidirectionally along microtubule bundles by dynein and kinesin-family motors. Upstream factors influence how individual cargoes are locally regulated, as well as how long-range transport is regulated at the whole-cell scale. Although the details of local, single-cargo bidirectional switching have been extensively studied, it remains to be elucida...

The quality of cargo proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is affected by their motion during folding. To understand how the diffusion of secretory cargo proteins is regulated in the ER, we directly analyze the motion of a single cargo molecule using fluorescence imaging/fluctuation analyses. We find that the addition of two N-glycans onto the cargo dramatically alters their diffusion by t...