The earth retaining structures frequently represent key elements of ports and harbors, transportation systems, lifelines and other constructed facilities. Earthquakes might cause permanent deformations of retaining structures and even failures. In some cases, these deformations originated significant damages with disastrous physical and economic consequences. For gravity walls, the dynamic eart...

Failure loads of sheet pile having various profiles such as U, Z and Omega/Hat under compression was carried out by using equations strength materials compared the failure load modes Euler’s buckling, torsional buckling due to yielding. Compared flexure finite element analysis. Sheet can be analyzed a unit cell for simplified For selecting with omega/Hat section profile containing one eight num...

The vertical component of ground motions is known to cause severe damages certain structures. Long span cable-stayed bridges are among those vulnerable structures due their high mass and cables that take no compression. In this paper, the earthquake effects on several have been investigated using 3-D nonlinear time history finite element analyses. Different main lengths, pylon shapes pylon/deck...

This paper presents an effective optimization method for nonlinear constrained optimization of retaining structures. A newly developed heuristic global optimization algorithm called gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is introduced and applied for the optimization of retaining structures. The optimization procedure controls all geotechnical and structural design constraints while reducing the ...