Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver diseases and the most common indication for liver transplantation in the United States. HCV particles in the blood of infected patients are characterized by heterogeneous buoyant densities, likely owing to HCV association with lipoproteins. However, clinical isolates are not infectious in vitro and the relative infect...

Momentum and energy integral analysis of planar and axisymmetric laminar, buoyant diffusion flames is presented with the objective of describing the flame properties and ambient air entrainment. The analysis follows the traditional momentum/energy integral technique utilizing the Howarth–Dorodnitzyn transformation for variable density flows and description of the velocity profiles through the f...

The burning and extinction characteristics of isolated small nonane droplets are examined in a buoyant convective environment and in an environment with no external axial convection (as created by doing experiments at low gravity) to promote spherical droplet flames. The ambience is air and a mixture of 30%O2/ 70%He to assess the influence of soot formation. The initial droplet diameter (Do) ra...

Different phosphoinositides are synthesized in cell membranes in order to perform a variety of functions. One of the most abundant of these lipids is phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4-phosphate (PI4P), which is formed in human eukaryotes by type II and type III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K II and III) activities. PI4K II activity occurs in many different subcellular membranes, although no deta...

There are many practical situations where a finite mass of a buoyant gas may become suddenly exposed to atmospheric air at a negligible pressure difference within vertical chambers or vessels that are either fully or partially open. The consideration of such situations when a fuel or toxic gas is released is of immense practical importance especially in relation to developing measures for prote...

Chrondroitin sulphate proteoglycans obtained from embryonic chick bone marrow and epiphyseal cartilage were compared using immunochemical and biochemical analyses. Proteoglycans from each tissue, separated on CsCl density gradients, under dissociative conditions, into high (1.6 g ml-1), medium (1.5 g ml-1) and low (1.4 g ml-1) buoyant density fractions, were immunochemically analysed, using a p...

A three-dimensional numerical model was applied to examine the impact of the Burrard Generating Station cooling water on the circulation patterns and thermal regime in the receiving water of Port Moody Arm. A key aspect of this study involved properly incorporating the submerged cooling water buoyant jet into the 3D model. To overcome the scale and interface barriers between the near-field and ...

We present a bioenergetic model for buoyancy regulation that incorporates the restrictions and costs of swimbladder regulation with four means of hydrodynamic lift production: hovering, swimming with extended pectoral fins, swimming with adjusted tilt angle, and body lift. Previous models addressing vertical migration in fish with swimbladders have either assumed no energetic cost or a static c...