Governance is broader notion than government. It involves governments but also civil society (citizens, civic institutions, etc). In the urban management context, governance refers to all the laws, regulations, frameworks systems and processes that shape the way in which the local government operates. These frameworks, processes and systems may be formal or informal. The formal governance struc...

Since the early 1980s, American taxpayers have invested heavily in public, university, and small business developers of crops and foods improved using biotechnology. Yet the return on this investment, in terms of new, improved genetically engineered (GE) crops, is disappointingly thin. Although the U.S. Department of Agriculture, universities, and small businesses have developed dozens of GE cr...

Existing literature has focused attention on the impact of Basle I and similar capital requirement regulations on developed countries where such regulations were found to be effective in increasing capital ratios and reducing portfolio credit risk of commercial banks. In the present study, we study the impact of such capital requirement regulations on commercial banks in 11 developing countries...

The international maritime industry is governed by strict international regulations managed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Maritime operations are inherently dangerous, with potentially very damaging consequences in terms of loss of lives, environmental consequences and economic loss. Operating at the highest levels of safety in a very competitive industry requires that ships...

Becoming a democracy and having a market driven economy seem to be the goals of virtually every country in the world nowadays. The market system has led to a higher standard of living for more people than any other economic system yet invented. Similarly, democracy has brought the freedom to enjoy that standard of living to billions of people. The recent years have witnessed the transition from...

Society today expects the physician of the future to concern himself increasingly with social justice, the environment and government regulations. However, when attempts are made to deal with these subjects they usually focus on the 'here and now' and not the historical underpinning. The student, practitioner and public, often through the media, marvel at the contemporary medical scene with its...

Prospective clinical research is given the greatest weight in evidence-based clinical practice recommendations, and therefore has the greatest potential to change care and help the largest number of patients. This article briefly describes the history of government regulation of prospective clinical research, how a prospective clinical research project is developed, and how the researcher seeks...

Transposition of the EU information and consultation Directive means that the UK now has, for the first time, a general statutory framework giving employees the right to be informed and consulted by their employers on a range of key business, employment and restructuring issues. A central aspect of the government’s legislative strategy has been to maximise organisations’ flexibility of response...