Recently a new family of Cayley graphs of fixed even node degree called the Cyclic-cubes were proposed as interconnection networks by Fu and Chau (1998). We show that these networks are simply wrap-around k-ary butterflies.  2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The inlay "butterfly" cartilage tympanoplasty was first described as a treatment for small, central ear drum perforations. This technique can also be applied in large, marginal perforations, whereas the cartilage graft is anchored on the bony annulus. The aim of this study was to present the technique, to evaluate the results of butterfly tympanoplasty in marginal perforat...

Indicator taxa are often proposed as efficient ways of identifying conservation priorities, but the correlation between putative indicators and other taxa has not been adequately tested. We examined whether a popular indicator taxon, the butterflies, could provide a useful surrogate measure of diversity in a closely related but relatively poorly known group, the moths, at a local scale relevant...

Gluteal pain is a frequent symptom in athletes, and defining it etiologically is a challenge for orthopedists. In the present study, using an anatomical approach to the posterior region of the pelvis and the proximal femur, divided into four quadrants, systematized investigation is proposed with the aim of optimizing the treatment and accelerating athletes' return to their sport, through correc...

A pupal melanization reducing factor (PM R F) con­ trols incorporation of pigm ents into the cuticle of pupae of the nymphalid butterfly, Inachis io, to adapt their col­ oration to the background colors of their pupation sites. In the present paper, we report on the presence of PM RF in the central nervous system (CN S) of further butterfly species which exhibit a pupal morphological color adap...

The hydrophobicity and anti-icing performance of the surfaces of some artificial hydrophobic coatings degraded after several icing and de-icing cycles. In this paper, the frost formation on the surfaces of butterfly wings from ten different species was observed, and the contact angles were measured after 0 to 6 frosting/defrosting cycles. The results show that no obvious changes in contact angl...

Flight ability is generally expected to increase with relative flight muscle mass. Changes in weight can therefore be expected to influence the capacity to rapidly take-off, which can determine mating success and predator avoidance. This study examined the influence of relative flight muscle mass, sex, and season on free take-off flight ability in a butterfly model (Aglais urticae) that undergo...

The dynamic vehicle routing problem (DVRP) is a variant of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) in which customers appear dynamically. The objective is to determine a set of routes that minimizes the total travel distance. In this paper, we propose a monarch butterfly optimization (MBO) algorithm to solve DVRPs, utilizing a greedy strategy. Both migration operation and the butterfly adjusting oper...

Split-Radix Fast Fourier Transform (SRFFT) is mainly for the implementation of a low-power FFT processor. In FFT algorithms, SRFFT has less number of arithmetic operations. Twiddle factor is required in FFT addressing processors. The signal flow graph of SRFFT is the same as radix-2 FFT and so conventional addressing schemes is used in of SRFFT. However, it has improper arrangement of twiddle f...

Eyespot formation in butterfly wings has been explained by the concentration gradient model. However, this model has recently been questioned, and dynamic interactions between the black-inducing signal and its inhibitory signal have been proposed. Here, the validity of these models was examined using a nymphalid butterfly Junonia almana. Early focal damage to the major eyespots often made them ...