Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris is enriched in vitamin B12 and cobalt ion which is positioned in the center of the vitamin molecule. This study aimed to investigate how different concentrations of cobalt chloride salt affected the vitamin B12 production by utilizing CO2  gas, to assess C. vulgaris biomass. Therefore, Bold’s basal medium used as the medium and  0.5, 1....

Background. Several toxicants present simultaneously in the environment have combined toxicological effects. In addition, various xenobiotics distinct effects on oxidative stress biomarkers animal cells and tissues.
 The aim of this study was to analyze effect cadmium (Cd) cyanide (CN) through food chain some antioxidant indices tissues (lungs, testes, heart, brain) male Wistar rats.
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The effect of short-term and long-term in vivo exposure to cadmium on the morphology of common carp erythrocytes was evaluated, and comparison of in vitro toxicity of various cadmium salts to these cells was also done. Juvenile carps were subjected to 3 h exposure at 6.5 mg/l or to a 4 week exposure at 0.65 mg/l of cadmium. Full blood was incubated for 2 h with cadmium chloride, sulfate, or nit...

Cadmium is a heavy metal that can accumulate to toxic levels in the environment leading to detrimental effects in animals and humans including kidney, liver and lung injuries. Using a transcriptomics approach, genes and cellular pathways affected by a low dose of cadmium were investigated. Adult largemouth bass were intraperitoneally injected with 20μg/kg of cadmium chloride (mean exposure leve...

Metals have a variety of negative outcomes on plants, essential components of any ecosystem. The effects of CdCl2 (5 μmol L-1), ZnCl2 (25 or 50 μmol L-1), and CuCl2 (2.5 or 5 μmol L-1) and combinations of CdCl2 with either ZnCl2 or CuCl2 on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and photosystem II (PSII) efficiency of duckweed (Lemna minor L.) were investigated. All of the treatments caused growt...

Lack of shrimp cell lines has hindered the study of pollutants which adversely affects shrimp health and its export value. In this context a primary haemocyte culture developed from Penaeus monodon was employed for assessing the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of two heavy metal compounds, cadmium chloride and mercuric chloride and two organophosphate insecticides, malathion and monocrotophos. Us...

PURPOSE Cadmium toxicity in the exposure of the general, professional and cigarette smoking populations has been well known. From the dental point of view, it is important to find out whether and how separate and joint exposures to cadmium and zinc affect the structure and function of the submandibular gland, which is the major saliva-releasing gland. Cadmium, a particularly active xenobiotic, ...

We investigated the physiological and biochemical mechanisms by which H2S mitigates the cadmium stress in rice. Results revealed that cadmium exposure resulted in growth inhibition and biomass reduction, which is correlated with the increased uptake of cadmium and depletion of the photosynthetic pigments, leaf water contents, essential minerals, water-soluble proteins, and enzymatic and non-enz...

Objective(s): Enzyme immobilization via nanoparticles is perfectly compatible against the other chemical or biological approximate to improve enzyme functions and stability. In this study lactoperoxidase was immobilized onto silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles to improve enzyme properties in the presence of cadmium chloride as an inhibitor. Materials and Methods:  The process consists of the ...

L-alanine cadmium chloride (LACC) crystals doped with thiourea were grown by slow evaporation technique. The solubility of the samples were determined gravimetrically at various temperatures in the range 30 50 o C. Single crystals of thiourea doped L-alanine cadmium chloride were tested for the crystal structure by single crystal XRD studies. The values of SHG efficiency and laser damage thresh...