Bacillus cereus causes distinct exotoxin-mediated diarrheal and emetic food poisoning syndromes and a variety of nongastrointestinal infections. Evidence is accumulating that hemolysin BL is a major B. cereus virulence factor. We describe two methods for detection of hemolysin BL in crude samples and on primary culture media. In the first method, the highly unusual discontinuous hemolysis patte...

the amount of antibodies produced in colostrum following injection of the trivalent rota-corona virus and e. coli vaccine was evaluated to undrestand the priventive effects of vaccine against calf diarrhea. forthy six and 27 pregnant cows were selected from industrial dairy herds as a treatment and control groups, respectively in urmia iran. a 5 ml trivalent rota-corona virus and e .coli vaccin...

Several Canadian producers have implemented an inexpensive free-access feeding system modeled on Finnish guidelines,18 using formic acid as a milk preservative. The system mimics natural suckling and permits group social behavior. It allows for accelerated growth and changes labor requirements for calf rearing. Anecdotally, producers report less clinical cases of diarrhea and use of drugs for r...

Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) subtype b was isolated from premature Holstein calves from a dairy herd that experienced an outbreak of premature births, late-term abortions, brachygnathism, growth retardation, malformations of the brain and cranium, and rare extracranial skeletal malformations in calves born to first-calf heifers. Experimental inoculation of 3 colostrum-deprived calves ...

Introduction: Calf diarrhea is one of the significant problems in dairy farms associated with treatment costs and reduced livestock production. Salmonellae are among the most common and the major causative agents of diarrhea in calves and humans. The present study was carried out to isolate and identify Salmonella in fecal samples of calves in industrial dairy farms of Hamedan and to determine ...

The mechanisms of chronic pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have been widely investigated but remain unclear. The present study investigated the relation between visceral hypersensitivity, cutaneous thermal sensitivity, and central pain mechanisms. Rectal sensitivity was assessed with a barostat, and forearm and calf sensitivity with a contact thermode. Central mechanisms were assessed by ...