Background: The diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory arthritis has been transformed largely by the development drugs that target specific molecules immune system. However, these changes have increased complexity mechanisms disease, its patients understanding. Patient education is needed in this area to facilitate decision making strong patient-partnerships research. Objectives: aim study was...

Background Synovial tissue macrophages significantly contribute to Rheumatoid Arthritis, yet the precise nature/function of macrophage subsets within inflamed joint remains unexplored. Objectives To fully explore spectrum distinct activation states residing synovium RA, at risk and healthy individuals. Methods Single-cell synovial suspensions from RA (n=44), IAR (n=5), HC (n=11), PsA (n=11) OA ...

Background: Myeloid Dendritic Cells (DC) are potent antigen presenting cells that can be subdivided into CD141 and CD1c + DC. We have previously reported an unacknowledged role for DC in the IA synovium. However, identification function of synovium has yet to fully elucidated. Objectives: To investigate if reside ascertain they represent a unique population, distinct from peripheral contribute ...

Human prion disease is known as new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), prion protein is not virus, but a special protein which is infectious (protinactious infectious particles, PRION). Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a group of infectious prion protein caused by sporadic, dominantly inherited, transmissible neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by pathologic spongy degeneration ...

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare and fatal human neurodegenerative condition characterized in most cases by a rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, and a periodic electroencephalogram (EEG). It is classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) because it causes characteristic spongy degeneration of the brain and can be transmitted to laboratory animals. TSEs also affe...

During the period 1968-1974, 45 children with suspected neurodegenerative syndromes underwent brain biopsy of the right frontal lobe. The histological examination was normal in 44% and nonspecifically abnormal in 43% of the specimens. In 13% a specific histological abnormality was found, namely 3 with spongy degeneration, 1 Alexander's leucodystrophy, 1 metachromatic leucodystrophy, and 1 pachy...

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive erosive autoimmune disease that affects 1% of the world population. Anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies (ACPA) are routinely used for diagnosis RA, however 20-30% patients ACPA negative. status delineator RA endotypes with similar clinical manifestation but potentially different pathophysiology. Elucidating underlying mechanisms patho...

The rate of caries has long been observed to be very low in the users of chewing-sticks even when they consume high carbohydrate diets. Recent researches have revealed that the chewing-sticks help in cleaning the teeth not simply due to mechanical removal of plaque but also due to their chemical constituents that possess the properties of whitening the teeth, protecting them from decay and remo...

—————————————————— Combining the results of tunneling, photoemission and thermodynamic studies, the pseudogap is unambiguously demonstrated to be caused by Van Hove nesting: a splitting of the density of states peak at (π, 0). The fact that the splitting remains symmetric about the Fermi level over an extended doping range indicates that the Van Hove singularity is pinned to the Fermi level. De...

The blood brain barrier (BBB) refers to the complex anatomical barrier in the brain composed of endothelial cells, astroglia, pericytes, perivascular macrophages and basal lamina. Its selectivity controls the entry of substances into the Central Nervous System (CNS) [1]. BBB disruption affects neurodegeneration [2] and in some cases can be harnessed to deliver intravenous therapeutics to the CN...