The trappingandtransport of sootaggregatesbetween a burningsuspendeddroplet and its  ame in a convectionfree (microgravity) environment are discussed. Many researchers have utilized the suspended droplet method for studyingdroplet combustion in microgravitywhere the intent is to create a spherically symmetric burning process. In the ideal case, soot particles are trapped in a spherical shell-l...

The branching pattern of the coronary arteries and veins is asymmetric, i.e., many small vessels branch off of a large trunk such that the two daughter vessels at a bifurcation are of unequal diameters and lengths. One important implication of the geometric vascular asymmetry is the dispersion of blood flow at a bifurcation, which leads to large spatial heterogeneity of myocardial blood flow. T...

Natural branches vary conspicuously in their diameter, density and orientation, but how these latter two factors affect animal locomotion is poorly understood. Thus, for three species of arboreal anole lizards found on different size branches and with different limb lengths, we tested sprinting performance on cylinders with five diameters (5-100 mm) and five patterns of pegs, which simulated di...

Data collected from four distinct canopy positions from each of 39 Abies balsamea (L.) Miller trees were used to construct models to describe the cumulative leaf area distribution within the crown and to predict the needle mass of individual branches, the average branch angle, branch diameter, branch length, and crown radius per whorl, and the average number of living branches per whorl. We tes...

Abstract

The goals of this study were to test the following hypotheses: 1) Coronary autoregulatory adjustments to decreases in perfusion pressure occur primarily in coronary arterioles (<150 ,um in diameter). 2) Small coronary arteries (>150 ,um in diameter) can be recruited to participate in the autoregulatory adjustments as perfusion pressure is progressively lowered. 3) Small arterioles are the locat...

Gap junctions are known to be important for many network functions such as synchronization of activity and the generation of waves and oscillations. Gap junctions have also been proposed to be essential for the generation of early embryonic activity. We have previously shown that the amplitude of electrical signals propagating across gap-junctionally coupled passive cables is maximized at a uni...

To investigate the accuracy of O-arm navigation-assisted screw insertion in extremely small thoracic pedicles and to compare it with free-hand pedicle screw insertion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).A total of 344 pedicle screws were inserted in apical region (defined as 2 vertebrae above and below the apex each) of 46 AIS patients (age range 13-18 years) with O-arm navigation and 712 ...

Follicular diameter is used as a guiding tool to predict ovulation in the mare. However, the great range in preovulatory follicular diameter makes prediction of optimal breeding time based on follicular diameter unreliable. Uterine edema pattern is also useful to determine the best time to breed, since intensity of edema tends to dissipate as ovulation approaches, however, not every mare follow...