“The mean relative body depth of the triploid asexual Japanese crucian carp differed significantly among 13 populations (Fig. 3, Welch’s one-way ANOVA weighted for unequal variances, F12,67.08 = 26048, P < 2.2 × 10−16). The total variation in the relative body depth was 45% explained by the between-population variation and 55% by within-population variation (Kulinskaya and Staudte’s weighted co...

Fishes show a remarkable diversity of shapes which have been associated with their swimming abilities and anti-predator adaptations. The crucian carp (Carassius carassius) provides an extreme example of phenotypic plasticity in body shape which makes it a unique model organism for evaluating the relationship between body form and function in fishes. In crucian carp, a deep body is induced by th...