We develop a numerical simulation of the global biogeochemical cycles of carbon that works over time scales extending from years to millions of years. The ocean is represented by warm and cold shallow water reservoirs, a thermocline reservoir, and deep Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific reservoirs. The atmosphere is characterized by a single carbon reservoir and the global biota by a single biomas...

Technical development and commercial implementation of the supercritical fluid spray process have produced the surprising result that coating appearance and performance can actually be improved by removing 60 to 80 percent of the organic solvent from solvent-borne coating formulations. Unlike normal diluent solvents and water, the decompressive release of supercritical carbon dioxide during spr...

The evasion of carbon dioxide from inland waters was only recently included in assessments of the global carbon budget1,2. Current estimates of carbon dioxide release from global freshwater systems, including lakes and wetlands, range from 0.7 to 3.3 Pg C per year1,3-6. However, these estimates are based on incomplete spatial coverage of carbon dioxide evasion, and an inadequate understanding o...

Overview of Issue In the past two years research has pointed towards the possibility of using urban planning as a tool to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in urban areas. For many focused on the issue of climate change, there is a consensus that atmospheric carbon dioxide should be contained at no more than twice the maximum level of atmospheric carbon dioxide that existed during the pre-industr...

Amine-containing adsorbents have been extensively investigated for post-combustion carbon dioxide capture due to their ability to chemisorb low-concentration carbon dioxide from a wet flue gas. However, earlier studies have focused primarily on the carbon dioxide uptake of adsorbents, and have not demonstrated effective adsorbent regeneration and long-term stability under such conditions. Here,...

In this paper, we are interested to determine the carbon dioxide pressure in the arterial blood through radial velocity difference. The blood was modeled as a two phase mixture (an aqueous carbon dioxide solution with carbon dioxide gas) by Drift flux model and the Young-Laplace equation. The distributions of mixture velocities determined from the considered model permitted the calculation of t...

The use of capnography during general anesthesia has become not only state of the art but also a recommended standard of care. In intubated patients, measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide in exhaled pulmonary gases approximate partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood under stable conditions. End-tidal carbon dioxide measurement has allowed anesthetists to continuously f...

BACKGROUND/AIM Hypoxia and carbon dioxide rebreathing are potential problems during eye surgery in spontaneously breathing patients. The aim of the present study was to determine effectiveness of nasal application of oxygen to prevent hypoxia and carbon dioxide accumulation in spontaneously breathing patients undergoing cataract surgery. METHODS Oxygenation and carbon dioxide rebreathing were...

Phase equilibria involving gas hydrates are of importance in natural gas recovery and carbon dioxide sequestration. Due to high equilibrium pressures twoand three-phase equilibria for gas hydrates containing systems have been computed using equations of state and van der Waals and Platteeuw model for fugacity of guest components in gas hydrates. So far the inhibition effect has been accounted f...