A heart attack kills off many cells in the heart. Parts of the heart become thin and fail to contract properly following the replacement of lost cells by scar tissue. However, the notion that the same adult cardiomyocytes beat throughout the lifespan of the organ and organism, without the need for a minimum turnover, gives way to a fascinating investigations. Since the late 1800s, scientists an...

Introduction Sedation is widely used in intensive care unit (ICU) patients to limit the risk of pulmonary barotrauma and to decrease oxygen needs. However, adverse effects of sedation have not been fully evaluated; in particular, effects of benzodiazepine and opiates on microcirculation have not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microcirculatory effects of a se...

Over 30 years ago Weil and Shubin proposed a re-classification of shock states and identified hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive and distributive shock. The first three categories have in common that they are associated with a fall in cardiac output. Distributive shock, such as occurs during sepsis and septic shock, however, is associated with an abnormal distribution of microvascular blood ...

Atropine is one of the commonly used drugs for clinical treatment livestock and poultry, as well animal emergency treatment. Its main components are d-hyoscyamine L-hyoscyamine. a toxic colorless, odorless or white crystalline alkaloid extracted from belladonna other solanaceous plants. It neutral weakly acidic when dissolved in water. mainly an m-receptor blocker, belonging to anticholinergic ...

The microcirculation of the liver has important roles in maintenance of liver function. It guarantees the supply of the parenchymal tissue with oxygen and nutrients, serves as the gate for leukocyte entrance in hepatic inflammation, and is responsible for the clearance of toxic materials and foreign bodies from the bloodstream. The morphology and physiology of the hepatic microcirculation are d...