Respiratory disorders can now be classified by the average laboratory as primary defects of respiratory mechanics or of gas uptake, and the verdict is accepted with reasonable confidence. However, further classification of disordered gas uptake is still a tedious and uncertain business. The aim of partitional respirometry is to meet this challenge, distinguishing three basic components of the g...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is frequently used to replace glomerular filtration and to control acid-base, electrolyte and fluid disturbances in critically ill children with acute renal failure. However, cardiorespiratory changes can happen during this procedure. The objective of this review is to describe the PD cardio-respiratory repercutions in the pediatric patient and...

BACKGROUND Although cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with systemic complement activation and neutrophil sequestration, it is unclear whether bypass-induced vascular injury is localized and dependent on organ ischemia. We hypothesized that other factors perhaps related to placement of a bypass circuit or to blood perfusion of a pump-oxygenator system may produce vascular injury caused by sys...

Over the past decade, science has greatly advanced our understanding of interdependent feedback mechanisms involving the heart, lung, and kidney. Organ injury is the consequence of maladaptive neurohormonal activation, oxidative stress, abnormal immune cell signaling, and a host of other mechanisms that precipitate adverse functional and structural changes. The presentation of interorgan crosst...

A 57-year-old man with no significant past medical history presented to the emergency department (ED) with complaints of dysuria, increased frequency of urination, and subjective fevers since 2 days. The patient denied any other symptoms. He did not have any chest pain, dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, dizziness, or palpitations. At the time of presentation, the patient did not...

UNLABELLED INTRODUCTION AND STATE OF THE ART: Both short and long-term outcomes following lung transplantation have improved substantially in recent years as a result of advances in the selection and management of donors, organ preservation, immunosuppressive therapy, and the treatment of infectious and malignant complications. In addition surgical techniques have evolved over time and have con...

Vertebrate lungs have long been thought to have evolved in fishes largely as an adaptation for life in hypoxic water. This view overlooks the possibility that lungs may have functioned to supply the heart with oxygen and may continue to serve this function in extant fishes. The myocardium of most vertebrates is avascular and obtains oxygen from luminal blood. Because oxygen-rich pulmonary blood...

The two cardinal features of the syndrome described by Holmes in 19181,2 are a disorder of ocular movement and a disorder of spatial orientation. The former is manifested by severe problems of ocular fixation and accommodation, such that the patient finds great difficulty in fixing his or her gaze on an object and, having done so, has even greater difficulty in moving the point of fixation to l...