Objective To compare reproductive outcomes in couples carrying a structural chromosome abnormality and non-carrier couples referred for chromosome analysis after two or more miscarriages. Design Case-control study. Setting Six centres for clinical genetics in the Netherlands. Participants 278 carrier couples and 427 non-carrier couples referred for chromosome analysis between 1992 and 2000 afte...

The terminology and notation used here have been introduced in the following articles: [9], [4], [13], [12], [10], [8], [2], [3], [1], [14], [7], [11], [5], and [6]. Let M be a metric structure, and let x, y be elements of the carrier of M . The predicate x ≈ y is defined by: (Def.1) ρ(x, y) = 0. Let M be a metric structure, and let x be an element of the carrier of M . The functor x yielding a...

Mandatory alcohol testing programs for motor carrier drivers were implemented in the United States in 1995 and have not been adequately evaluated. Using data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System during 1982–2006, the authors assessed the effectiveness of mandatory alcohol testing programs in reducing alcohol involvement in fatal motor carrier crashes. The study sample consisted of 69,295...

The performance of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) compass is related to the quality of carrier phase measurement. How to process the carrier phase error properly is important to improve the GNSS compass accuracy. In this work, we propose a dual frequency carrier phase error difference checking algorithm for the GNSS compass. The algorithm aims at eliminating large carrier phase e...

We present results on photoexcited carrier lifetimes in few-layer transition metal dichalcogenide MoS2 using nondegenerate ultrafast optical pump-probe technique. Our results show a sharp increase of the carrier lifetimes with the number of layers in the sample. Carrier lifetimes increase from few tens of picoseconds in monolayer samples to more than a nanosecond in 10-layer samples. The invers...

Large multimedia files (such as high definition audio, video, images, etc.) are accessed by an enormous number of mobile users over the Internet. Therefore, the bandwidth demand for mobile Internet access is increasing exponentially. To answer users’ demand, carrier aggregation is proposed in LTE systems. In carrier aggregation, the best available one or more carrier components of each band mus...

The role of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) carrier cattle in causing new outbreaks is still a matter of debate and it is important to find out these carrier animals by post-outbreak serosurveillance to declare freedom from FMDV infection. In this study we explore the differences in viral shedding between carrier and non-carrier animals, quantify the transmission rate of FMDV infection from...

For most optoelectronic applications of graphene, a thorough understanding of the processes that govern energy relaxation of photoexcited carriers is essential. The ultrafast energy relaxation in graphene occurs through two competing pathways: carrier-carrier scattering, creating an elevated carrier temperature, and optical phonon emission. At present, it is not clear what determines the domina...

For radical designs the hot-carrier reliability is an important issue. This creates the need for the numerical simulation of hot-carrier induced degradation. From a design point of view, the goal of the degradation simulation will be the hot-carrier aging simulation for the prediction of device lifetime. This simulation requires a complicated set of physical models, which includes the hot-carri...