BACKGROUND The incidence of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has increased since introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). While HIV-related HL is highly associated with EBV, the causes underlying the rising incidence remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of immune reconstitution on HL incidence among a cohort of HIV-infected male veterans ever receiving cART. ME...

Innate immune dysfunction persists in HIV+ individuals despite effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We recently demonstrated that an adaptive-like CD56dim NK cell population lacking the signal transducing protein FcRγ is expanded in HIV+ individuals. Here, we analyzed a cohort of HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM, n = 20) at baseline and following 6, 12, and 24 months of cART ...

Purpose: Classification of gene expression helps study disease. However, it faces two obstacles: an imbalanced class and a high dimension. The motivation this is to examine the effectiveness undersampling before feature selection on high-dimensional data with classes.Methods: Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (Lasso), which can select features, handle modeling. Random (RUS) be used de...

The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) represents a major turning point in the response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. WHO European Region Member States have made significant progress in scaling up access to such treatment. By mid-2007, cART was available in the public sector health services in every country of the Region except Turkmenistan, with coverage estimated as very hi...

BACKGROUND Ugandan national guidelines recommend initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) at CD4+ T cell (CD4) count below 350 cell/μl, but the implementation of this is limited due to availability of medication. However, cART initiation at higher CD4 count increases survival, albeit at higher lifetime treatment cost. This analysis evaluates the cost-effectiveness of initiating c...

HIV can infect the brain and impair central nervous system (CNS) function. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has not eradicated CNS complications. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain common despite cART, although attenuated in severity. This may result from a combination of factors including inadequate treatment of HIV reservoirs such as circulating monocytes and glia,...

Nociceptin or orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and its receptor NOP1 are expressed in hypothalamic nuclei involved in energy homeostasis. N/OFQ administered by intracerebroventricular or arcuate nucleus (ARC) injection increases food intake in satiated rats. The mechanisms by which N/OFQ increases food intake are unknown. We hypothesized that N/OFQ may regulate hypothalamic neurons containing peptides invol...

BACKGROUND Long-term benefits of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation during primary HIV-1 infection are debated. METHODS The evolution of plasma HIV-RNA (432 measurements) and cell-associated HIV-DNA (325 measurements) after cessation of cART (median exposure 18 months) was described for 33 participants from the Zurich Primary HIV Infection Study using linear regression and c...

OBJECTIVE To determine predictors of mortality and changes in those predictors over time on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in South Africa. DESIGN A cohort study. METHODS Using routine clinic data with up to 4 years follow-up after antiretroviral therapy initiation and with death ascertainment from a national vital statistics register, we used proportional hazards modeling to ass...