A case of painful ophthalmoplegia due to idiopathic granulomatous involvement of the superior orbital fissure (Tolosa-Hunt syndrome) is described. The clinical features of recurrent pain, ocular motor nerve palsies and proptosis correlated well with the eventual demonstration of an enhancing mass in the region of the cavernous sinus. Removal of the lesion led to a resolution of the clinical pic...

Background Blau Syndrome (BS), a rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by non-caseating granulomas, is caused by gain-of-function mutations in NOD2. Crohn’s disease (CD) is associated with intestinal granulomas, and SNPs in NOD2. Emperipolesis, the ‘inside round about wandering’ of lymphocytes within other cells is a typical feature of Rosai-Dorfman disease, and seen occasionally in malig...

Disseminated tuberculosis is an important differential diagnosis for fever of unknown origin (FUO) and it can present with hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy and may have meningitis and with hematological abnormalities including pancytopenia or a leukemoid reaction. We report the case of a 13-year old male who presented with fever, weight loss, pallor and massive splenomegaly with pancytope...

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder of unknown aetiology characterized by the accumulation of lymphocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, and non-caseating granulomas in involved tissues. Renal involvement leading to renal function deterioration in sarcoidosis is rare: it is observed in <10% of patients. In the relevant literature, there have been only a few cases of sarcoidosis recurrence in renal ...

T cells. This process arrests the local infection for most immunocompetent hosts. At that time, the only sign of the disease may be a positive reaction to the purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test. A delayed hypersensitivity response uses cytotoxic killer CD8 suppressor T cells to kill the other nonactivated macrophages with bacilli. This process creates local tissue destruction and the f...

We describe the case of a 47-year-old Caucasian male patient who developed sarcoidosis 18 months after he was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis for which he was treated according to guidelines. The presentation of sarcoidosis was very similar to his first presentation when he was diagnosed with tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a possible aetiological agent in sarcoidosis has been...

A 15-year-old West Indian boy had a left keratoconjunctivitis (KC) initially thought to be allergic in origin. He then developed a facial vesicular skin rash and a diagnosis of herpes simplex was suspected. Viral cultures were negative and there was a poor response to topical antiviral treatment. The KC progressed and became bilateral causing considerable reduction in the visual acuities. He co...

for many years, gutta-percha has been the root canal filling material of choice. chloroform is one of the most efficient solvents widely used for gutta-percha removal in retreatment cases, despite being toxic and carcinogenic. the present case report discusses a chloroform extrusion through an existing perforation to the surrounding periodontal ligament space and subsequent necrosis in supporti...

CONTEXT The sarcoidosis is an idiopathic multisystem inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas in the affected organs. The clinical picture includes non-specific systemic symptoms and organ-specific symptoms, but it is frequently asymptomatic. Although not fully understood, a clear association between sarcoidosis and malignancies has been reported. In neopla...