The complexity of coronary artery disease genetics arises from the diversity of clinical phenotypes and from the many biological pathways that contribute to atherosclerotic plaque biology, including lipid metabolism, inflammation, endothelial function, oxidative stress and thrombosis. In addition to environmental factors, interindividual variation in disease susceptibility or outcome may arise ...

A frequently used study design within epidemiology is large cohort studies. In some situations additional information which is not included in the cohort, for instance biological material stored in biobanks, is required. The availability of such material is usually limited and might be very expensive to analyze for the entire cohort. A reasonable strategy is therefore to restrict the study samp...

Causal Inference for Case-Control Studies by Sherri Rose Doctor of Philosophy in Biostatistics University of California, Berkeley Professor Mark van der Laan, Chair Case-control study designs are frequently used in public health and medical research to assess potential risk factors for disease. These study designs are particularly attractive to investigators researching rare diseases, as they a...

Background: Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the major causes of death in African populations infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Only 1% of infected subjects develop CM. The reasons for these differences are not fully understood, but it is likely that the host humoral response against blood-stage antigens plays a role in protection from malaria, although the precise targets and mechanisms medi...

Aim. To determine the incidence of left atrial (LA) and/or LA appendage (LAA) thrombosis in patients with non-valvular fibrillation (AF) (NAF) or flutter (AFL) on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) before elective catheter ablation (CA) cardioversion (CV) and characterize predictors LA/LAA among indicators available routine practice cardiologists general practitioners. Material methods . In...

Background One kind of sperm abnormality that leads to men infertility is short flagella sperms. In this defect, fibrous sheath and axoneme are disorganized, the sperms tail is short, the numbers of sperms in the semen fluid reduce and the sperms are immotile. There are also other kinds of oligoasthenoteratozospermia (OAT) disorder that causes infertility in men. A kinas anchoring protein 3 (AK...

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with risk of bladder cancer and with increased bulky DNA adduct levels in several studies, mainly in smokers. We investigated the relation between bulky PAH-DNA adducts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bladder cancer in nonsmoking subjects from a large hospital-based casecontrol study in Spain. Additionally, we exa...

The investigation of the role of nutrition in cancer etiology and the perception of its importance among concerned scientists has gone through various phases over the past 20 years, ranging from the enthusiasm of Candide, Voltaire's hero (we are in the best possible world and we know everything) to Hume's kind of skepticism (the subject is appealing but causality can never be shown). These ups ...

OBJECTIVE: Giving recommended immunizations during sick visits for minor and acute illness such as acute otitis media has long been an American Academy of Pediatrics/Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice recommendation. An addition to the American Academy of Pediatrics policy in 2010 advised considering whether giving immunizations at the sick visit would discouragemaking upmissed well-ba...

"watershed effect," finding 10 to 15 years ofproblems all in 2 years due to an enhanced technology, or the common effect of increased findings that happens with many new screening or casefinding programs. In any event, as a direct result of screening sigmoidoscopies, three patients have had their cancers diagnosed at an earlier time than would have otherwise happened. Most importantly, four to ...