Kayne (1994) introduced a ‘Linear Correspondence Axiom’ which offered for the first time a principled theory concerning the linear PF ordering of NL phrases and words. Within this theory, adjuncts constitute an anomaly, requiring a stipulative definition of c-command. If the category labels of Categorial Grammar are used, a simpler linearisation depending on Asymmetric Merge is obtained, which ...

If an object oriented program is a collection of communicating objects, then the objects' protocols de ne the languages the program speaks. Unfortunately, protocols are di cult to design in isolation, so many programs' protocols are not as well designed as they could be. This paper presents six patterns which describe how objects protocols can be designed or redesigned. By using these patterns,...

We put forward a new type of computationally-sound proof systems, called universal-arguments, which are related but diierent from both CS-proofs (as deened by Micali) and arguments (as deened by Brassard, Chaum and Crepeau). In particular, we adopt the instance-based prover-eeciency paradigm of CS-proofs, but follow the computational-soundness condition of argument systems (i.e., we consider on...

tuhaf al-uqūl is the name of a hadīth collection, the author of which is abu muhammad ḥasan ibn alī ibn ḥussein ibn shu‘bat al-ḥarrānī. he is one of the hadīth narrators of the fourth century (a.h), and according to some sayings, he was one of sheikh mufīd’s preceptors. one of the features of tuhaf al-uqūl is its containing some single hadīths, which have no equivalent in other hadīth collectio...