This paper proposes an algorithm for causality inference based on a set of lexical knowledge bases that contain information about such items as event role, is-a hierarchy, relevant relation, antonymy, and other features. These lexical knowledge bases have mainly made use of lexical features and symbols in HowNet. Several types of questions are experimented to test the effectiveness of the algor...

This paper applies alternative time series techniques such as General to Specific (GETS) and Johansen Maximum Likelihood (JML) to estimate the long run income and price elasticities of demand for energy for Fiji. We also test for the causal relationship between energy consumption, GDP and energy prices using the Granger causality tests. Our results imply that there is a uni-directional causalit...

This study examines the causal relationship between international public relations expenditure and its economic returns at the country level. In order to overcome the limitations of previous studies that have attempted to quantify the outcomes of public relations efforts and investments using correlations, this study conducted a more rigorous causality test by measuring the relationship between...

The Causality Workbench project provides an environment to test causal discovery algorithms. Via a web portal (http: //clopinet.com/causality), we provide a number of resources, including a repository of datasets, models, and software packages, and a virtual laboratory allowing users to benchmark causal discovery algorithms by performing virtual experiments to study artificial causal systems. W...

The paper examines the temporal relationship between revenues and expenditures for the four southern states during 1980 to 2005. Using an error-correction model and Granger causality test, it finds that the taxspend hypothesis is supported by the analsysis. The spend-tax hypothesis is valid for Karnataka; fiscal synchronization hypothesis is supported for Andhra Pradesh and Kerala, while the da...

This paper examines the relationship between exchange rates and stock prices in eight Asian countries using cointegration and Granger causality tests over the period 1991 to 2005. We test for cointegration and Granger causality for both individual countries using the Gregory and Hansen (1996) cointegration test that accommodates a structural break in the cointegrating vector, and for a panel us...