PURPOSE Immunomodulatory mAbs can treat cancer, but cures are rare except for small tumors. Our objective was to explore whether the therapeutic window increases by combining mAbs with different modes of action and injecting them into tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Combinations of mAbs to CD137/PD-1/CTLA-4 or CD137/PD-1/CTLA-4/CD19 were administrated intratumorally to mice with syngeneic tumors ...

C3d can function as a molecular adjuvant by binding CD21 and thereby enhancing B cell activation and humoral immune responses. However, recent studies suggest both positive and negative roles for C3d and the CD19/CD21 signaling complex in regulating humoral immunity. To address whether signaling through the CD19/CD21 complex can negatively regulate B cell function when engaged by physiological ...

Numerous experimental data indicate that B-CLL development and progression are influenced by antigenic pressure. It can not be excluded that these antigens may originate from bacteria and viruses. Toll like receptors (TLRs) interact with pathogen associated molecular patterns as part of innate immunity. TLRs are currently used to target different subclasses of B-cell leukemia, and TLR agonists ...

AIMS To investigate whether the antigen levels of the B cell lineage markers CD19 and CD20 can distinguish between normal and neoplastic B cells or characterise distinct expression patterns among the chronic B cell leukaemias. METHODS Peripheral blood cells from 70 patients with B cell disorders and 17 healthy donors were analysed by quantitative flow cytometry. Direct immunofluorescence stai...

OBJECTIVES We sought to develop a B-cell in vitro culture system and test B cells isolated from sensitized kidney recipients and healthy controls, and assess the effectiveness of proteasome inhibitors and mycophenolic acid on antibody secretion and cell apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS CD19(+) B cells and CD19(+)CD27(+) memory B-cell subsets were detected from peripheral blood mononuclear cel...

Background: Role of B- and T- lymphocytes is well established in pathogenesis rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Self-containing activation B-cells ectopic germinative centers followed by auto-activation T-lymphocytes while T-cells themselves are antigen-presenting cells for B-lymphocytes [1-2]. As these processes continue with the duration RA, different subsets T-cell might be prevalent at stages RA. ...

Direct experimental proof has been sought for the hypothesis that liposomal drugs targeted against internalizing epitopes (e.g., CD19) will have higher therapeutic efficacies than those targeted against noninternalizing epitopes (e.g., CD20). Anti-CD19-targeted liposomes were rapidly internalized into human B-lymphoma (Namalwa) cells, whereas those targeted with anti-CD20 were not internalized....

in MFI values, however it was not statisticlly significant. The mean percentage of CD19/TNF-α cells was significantly higher, while the percentage of CD19/IL-2, CD19/IL-4 and CD19/ IFN-γ was lower in ZAP-70 positive than ZAP-70 negative patients. There was no significant difference between ZAP-70 positive and ZAP-70 negative group as far as MFI was concerned. Conclusions. Our findings demonstra...

brucellosis is an infectious disease and it seems that it affects human immune system and can cause acute, subacute and chronic clinical features. forty patients suffering from chronic brucellosis were studied for cd3+, cd4+,cd8+, cd19+, cells and cd4+/cd8+ ratio by flow cytometry before and after treatment with antibiotics and immunopotentiators. the results were compared with 15 healthy contr...

Adaptation of the P1 phage-derived Cre /loxP site- specific recombination system to the gene targeting technique allows for the conditional deletion of genes in mice. To selectively modify genes in B lymphocytes, we have generated mice (designated CD19-Cre) which express cre under the transcriptional control of the B lineage-restricted CD19 gene. In a model system involving the cross of CD19-Cr...