We identified a pathway in Bacillus subtilis that is used for recovery of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) peptides (muropeptides) derived from the peptidoglycan of the cell wall. This pathway is encoded by a cluster of six genes, the first three of which are orthologs of Escherichia coli genes involved in N-acetylmuramic acid dissimilation and encode a MurNAc-6-phosph...

We have developed a novel 3-D, agent-based model of cell-wall digestion to improve our understanding of ruminal cell-wall digestion. It offers a capability to study cell walls and their enzymatic modification, by providing a representation of cellulose microfibrils and non-cellulosic polysaccharides and by simulating their spatial and catalytic interactions with enzymes. One can vary cell-wall ...

Cell Wall-Deficient Bacteria: Basic Principles and Clinical Significance consists of 19 chapters (524 pages) and a series of appendices (53 pages). The authors of this book are well qualified, all having published original research in the area. Bacteria are covered with an exoskeleton, made up of a molecular syncytium composed of peptidoglycan. As the microbe grows, lytic enzymes break the cell...

Plant parasitic cyst nematodes (genera Heterodera and Globodera) are serious pests for many crops. They enter the host roots as migratory second stage juveniles (J2) and migrate intracellularly toward the vascular cylinder using their stylet and a set of cell wall degrading enzymes produced in the pharyngeal glands. They select an initial syncytial cell (ISC) within the vascular cylinder or inn...

The green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris is a source of valuable nutrients, whose bioaccessibility limited by the structurally complex cell wall. Enzymatic degradation wall represents remarkable alternative to mechanical treatments due its mildness and specificity. This work aimed define an optimal combination enzymes increase lipid protein bioaccessibilities C. cells while preserving oxidative ...

Like all other herpesviruses, the oncogenic human gammaherpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV; human herpesvirus 4) manifests two distinct phases in its life cycle: latency and lytic replication. During latency EBV expresses a limited number of viral genes that are involved in tasks such as stimulating cell proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, blocking viral lytic replication, and assuring accura...