D ebate over the smallest eye requires a definition of what makes an eye. The answer to this question, generally given by those considered authorities, is that an eye is an organ that receives and recognises light and has the ability to define spatial detail. Specifically, an eye can compare the amount of light coming from different directions. This definition means that an unusual collection o...

The structure of the essential oil secretory tissues of Prostanthera ovalifolia R.Br was investigated using bright- and dark-field optical microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The leaves of P. ovalifolia have glandular trichomes of the peltate type common to many Lamiaceae species. The trichomes consist of a basal cell embedded in the epidermis, a stalk cell with heavi...

Cytological processes of differentiation in the embryo suspensor of Sedum acre L. were compared with the development of the embryo proper. The zygote undergoes an asymmetric division to produce an apical cell and a basal cell, which becomes the basal cell of the suspensor. The mature differentiated suspensor consists of a large haustorial basal cell and 3–4 chalazal cells. The basal cell nucleu...

Diatoms are single-celled organisms with rigid parts in relative motion at the micrometre scale and below. These biogenic hydrated silica structures have elaborate shapes, interlocking devices, and, in some cases, hinged structures. The silica shells of the diatoms experience various forces from the environment and also from the cell itself when it grows and divides, and the form of these micro...

This paper aims to design lattice structures for rapid-investment casting (RIC), and the goal of methodology is minimize defects that are related topology. RIC can take full advantage unprecedented freedom provided by AM. Since has multiple objectives, we limit our study already have good printability, i.e., self-supported open-celled, improve their castability. To find relationship between top...