The effect of anticholinergic agents-atropine, propantheline, oxyphencyclimine, and propionyl atropine methyl nitrate-on silva flow and on hypoglycaemic stimulated gastric secretion has been studied. The acid secretion of the nervous phase of gastric secretion was inhibited by anticholinergic drugs. They influenced gastric secretion to a greater extent than saliva flow. Both propantheline and o...

Background: There are few studies on the anticholinergic side effects of long-acting antipsychotics. They tend to be used with stigmatized, severely ill and non-concordant patients rather than first episode psychosis. Aim: To investigate prevalence/incidence rate of anticholinergic side effects of long-acting antipsychotics. Methods: We included all participants with schizophrenia, schizoaffect...

OBJECTIVE To analyse anticholinergic agent consumption in HIV patients 50  years or older; to determine anticholinergic risk using the ACB and ARS scales;  and to determine if these patients use any type of benzodiazepine. METHOD A descriptive observational study of 256 HIV patients 50 years or  older. RESULTS 73.1% were men. Mean age was 56 ± 5.9 years. 55.9% of the  patients were coinfect...

apert syndrome is a genetic defect which was first described by eugene apert in 1906. it's incidence is approximately one in 50000 births. this syndrome is many abnormalities in your body and central nervous system. rehabilitation can increase children and their parent's quality of life.we report a case of apert syndrome and his occupational therapy program.

black henbane (bh) or hyoscyamus niger, has been used as a medicine since last centuries and has been described in all traditional medicines. it applies as a herbal medicine, but may induce intoxication accidentally or intentionally. all part of bh including leaves, seeds and roots contain some alkaloids such as hyoscyamine, atropine, tropane and scopolamine. bh has pharmacological effects like...

central giant cell granuloma is a benign, aggressive neoplasm composed of multinucleated giant cells that almost exclusively occurs in the jaws though extra-gnathic incidence is rare.multifocal cgcgs of the jaws are very rare and suggestive of systemic diseases such as hyperparathyroidism,an inherited syndrome such as noonan-like multiple giant cell lesion syndrome or other disorders.very few c...

Goltz syndrome / Focal Dermal Hypoplasia (FDH) is a rare syndrome resulting from developmental defects in tissues with mesodermal origin such as eye, skin, mouth, muscoloskeletal, and central nervous system. We report a 13-year-old girl with FDH who had several features of skin, eye, and mouth involvement. She also had revurrent otitis media, which has not been reported so far.

To the Editor: In their review of the neurobiology of the switch process in bipolar disorder, Salvadore et al1 discuss such neurobiological factors as abnormalities in catecholamine levels, up-regulation of neurotrophic and neuroplastic factors, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity, and circadian rhythms. However, they have ignored anticholinergic enhancement as a possible factor i...