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Individual researchers retain the copyright on their work products derived from research funded through a contract or grant from the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research (NCEEER). However, the NCEEER and the United States Government have the right to duplicate and disseminate, in written and electronic form, reports submitted to NCEEER to fulfill Contract or Grant Agreements...

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has emerged as a major threat to TB control, particularly in the former Soviet Union. To determine levels of drug resistance within a directly observed treatment strategy (DOTS) program supported by Médecins Sans Frontières in two regions in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, Central Asia, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of smear-positive TB patients in...

This paper focuses on inequality in living standards across oblasts and regions within Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Regional inequality is an important area of research and policy development. Inequality in income and consumption are logical outcomes in a market-based economic system. If inequality within countries exists because of barriers to compe...

A provisional list of all the endemic vascular plant genera in SW Asia is presented. The area, here defined to include Turkey, the Caucasus, N Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan and adjacent parts of Pakistan and Central Asia, has 161 genera restricted to it. By far, the greatest numbers of the endemic genera are in Apiaceae, Brassicaceae and Asteraceae; many are morphologically isolated and occur at rand...

collapse of the soviet :union: is considered as the most significant development happened in the last decades of the previous century. transformation of power relations and balance of forces at regional level as well as activation of transregional and particularly regional powers to maintain their presence and extend their influence over southern soviet :union: could be mentioned as consequence...

Tajikistan is a small country located in Central Asia. The mostly mountainous terrain with a continental, subtropical, and semiarid climate, is characterized by diverse flora. Many people in Tajikistan rely on medicinal plants as their traditional form of medicine to prevent and cure health disorders. Aromatic medicinal plants, in particular, have played an important role for the local people. ...

Given China’s geographic proximity, dynamic economy, and policy emphasis on promoting trade, it should be no surprise that its economic role in Central Asia has expanded dramatically since 1991. With continued economic growth and expansion of transportation links, China’s influence will continue to expand. Important questions remain, however, as to how far China’s influence in Central Asia migh...

due to its domestic problems, russia failed to pay significant attention to central asia and the caucasus after the collapse of the soviet :union:. this resulted in a geopolitical vacuum in the region followed by extensive activities done by regional actors including iran, turkey, pakistan and israel as well as world players such as nato. defining central asia and the caucasus as 'near abr...

INTRODUCTION The Russian Revolution of October 1917 resulted in a transfer of power from the autocratic Tsar Nicholas II to the Bolshevik Party and the subsequent establishment of the world's first socialist state. The victorious revolutionaries inherited from the Tsarist regime a politically, culturally, and linguistically complex situation, with over 100 million citizens speaking no less than...