BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Methods have not been well developed and tested to predict the extent of remote degeneration in the central nervous system that follows cerebral infarction. We hypothesized that the extent of infarction overlap with the cerebral hemispheric course of the corticospinal tract (CST) on structural MR imaging predicts the extent of ipsilateral cerebral peduncular atrophy in pa...

Pediatric neurological disorders including muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury are defined as a heterogenous group of diseases, of which some are known to be genetic. The two significant features represented for stem cells, leading to distinguish them from other cell types are addressed as below: they can renew themselves besides the ability to differentiate into cells wi...

Introduction: Nitric oxide seems to play a dual role in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Few studies have investigated whether it exacerbates or improves brain edema. In the present study, we inhibited the activity of nitric oxide synthase by L-NAME and evaluated the cerebral infarct volume, tissue swelling and brain edema, alongside the measurement of blood flow of the ischemic region. Methods...

Generally accepted, inflammation and neuron apoptosis are two characterized pathological features of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Ginsenoside Rg1 was reported showing distinct neuroprotective effect in cerebral IR injury but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. PPARγ/Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling was proved effective in suppressing both apoptosis and inflammation. This...

Steroid sex hormones are potential neuroprotective candidates following CNS injury. All clinical trials to date have examined the effects of oestrogen alone or oestrogen-progestin combination therapy. Experimental studies have suggested that progesterone, in its own right, is a potential neuroprotective agent following acute cerebral injury. We performed a systematic review of controlled animal...

Cerebral ischemia is a leading cause of death and long-term disabilities worldwide. Excessive intracellular Ca(2+) accumulation in neurons has been considered essential for neuronal injury associated with cerebral ischemia. Although the involvement of glutamate receptors in neuronal Ca(2+) accumulation and toxicity has been the subject of intensive investigation, inhibitors for these receptors ...

Background: Cerebral palsy is a heterogeneous disorder that can cause lifelong disability associated with non-progressive damage in the brain. It commonly caused by antenatal, perinatal, early postnatal and neonatal conditions. However, post-neonatal cases of acquired cerebral have also been reported, were infection. Patients Methods: The family girl from Qatar, who developed severe submersion ...

Established therapies for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury are currently limited. The urinary trypsin inhibitor ulinastatin (UTI) is considered cytoprotective against ischemia-reperfusion injury in internal organs through its anti-inflammatory activity. We aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of UTI on learning and memory of rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Rats ...

The focal and diffuse cerebral white matter injury can be caused by treatment with radiation therapy for cranial tumors. However, the literature rarely describes a MRI finding in radiation-induced delayed extensive cerebral injury. Our objective was to report a rare case who had a delayed extensive hyperintensity injury in brain on MRI after radiation therapy due to nasopharyngeal cancer. A MRI...

Preclinical studies have identified numerous neuroprotective drugs that attenuate brain damage and improve functional outcome after cerebral ischemia. Despite this success in animal models, neuroprotective therapies in the clinical setting have been unsuccessful. Identification of biochemical markers common to preclinical and clinical cerebral ischemia will provide a more sensitive and objectiv...