MITRAL valve disease has for many years been accepted as the commonest sequel of rheumatism, both clinically and pathologically. The development of stenosis has never been in question. Such has not been the case, however, with incompetence, though as long ago as I849 Hope first drew attention to this condition. The existence of mitral incompetence as an entity or even as an important component ...

M EIER and Zierlerl have lucidly presented the theory underlying the application of indicator dilution of the measurement of flow in the vascular bed. This theory is not violated by the presence of valve incompetence provided that indicator particles that recirculate and reenter the vascular system can be excluded from the primary indicator concentration-time curve. Valve incompetence results i...

The surgical correction of mitral incompetence by internal reconstruction of the valve ring and the cusps has proved disappointing (Effier et al., 1958; Merendino et al., 1959) and has been followed by attempts at partial or total valve replacement (Braunwald, Cooper, and Morrow, 1960). While our experience with internal reconstructive procedures in patients with severe rheumatic mitral incompe...

In pregnant women, the risk of venous thromboembolism increases 4 to 5 fold over that in nonpregnant women. Deep vein thromboses in the calf occur in approximately 6% of cases, with a 20% incidence of propagation, but new imaging methods suggest a higher rate. Nevertheless, the management of isolated soleal vein thrombosis is currently one of the most debated issues in the field of venous throm...

Objective To define transvaginal ultrasound reference ranges for uterine cervix measurements according to gestational age (GA) in low-risk pregnancies. Methods Cohort of low-risk pregnant women undergoing transvaginal ultrasound exams every 4 weeks, comprising measurements of the cervical length and volume, the transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the cervix, and distance from the entran...

During the decade of the sixties competency based vocational education (CBVE) was introduced to many vocational education programs as a response to public dissatisfaction with schools and the public perception of teacher incompetence (Ross, 1982). Although the CBVE movement has gained popularity and emphasis since the late sixties, the underlying philosophical basis for the CBVE approach can be...

Fertility can be preserved after conservative cervical surgery. We report on a 29-year-old woman who was obese, para 0, and diagnosed with cervical insufficiency at the first trimester of current pregnancy due to a previous trachelectomy. She underwent laparoscopic transabdominal cervical cerclage (LTCC) for cervical cancer. The surgery was successful and she was discharged two days later. The ...

OBJECTIVES To examine doctors' experiences of complaints, including which aspects are most stressful. We also investigated how doctors felt complaints processes could be improved. DESIGN AND METHODS A qualitative study based on a cross-sectional survey of members of the British Medical Association (BMA). We asked the following: (1) Try to summarise as best as you can your experience of the co...

BACKGROUND Maternal cervical incompetence in pregnancy (CIP) showed an association with a higher rate of preterm births. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of CIP in Hungarian pregnant women, to determine the rate of preterm birth, and to check the preventive efficacy of preterm births due to CIP by therapeutic cerclage or bed rest alone. METHODS Analysis of the popul...

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that cervical insufficiency (CI) is characterized by a "muscular cervix" with low collagen and high smooth muscle concentrations also in the non-pregnant state. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical properties, collagen concentration, smooth muscle cell density, and collagen fiber orientation in cervical biopsies from non-pregnant...