Release of GABA is controlled by presynaptic GABA receptor type B (GABA(B)) autoreceptors at GABAergic terminals. However, there is no direct evidence that GABA(B) autoreceptors are activated by GABA release from their own terminals, and precise profiles of GABA(B) autoreceptor-mediated suppression of GABA release remain unknown. To explore these issues, we performed multiple whole-cell, patch-...

A fast learning neuroevolutionary algorithm for both feedforward and recurrent networks is proposed. The method is inspired by the well known and highly effective Cartesian genetic programming (CGP) technique. The proposed method is called the CGP-based Artificial Neural Network (CGPANN). The basic idea is to replace each computational node in CGP with an artificial neuron, thus producing an ar...

Abstract: Convolved Gaussian Process (CGP) is able to capture the correlations not only between inputs and outputs but also among the outputs. This allows a superior performance of using CGP than standard Gaussian Process (GP) in the modelling of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems when observations are missing for some of outputs. Similar to standard GP, a key issue of CGP is the lea...

The GABAB antagonist CGP 35348 was intraperitoneally given in doses of 100, 300, and 900 mg/kg to old rats. These rats were earlier chronically provided with EEG and EMG electrodes. Sleep recordings based on visual inspection of EEG and EMG recordings were made for 3 h post injection, and spontaneous behaviour in the recording cage was additionally observed. With 100 and 300 mg/kg, the drug pro...

The goal of the present study was to compare the effects of three potent reference renin inhibitors (remikiren, CGP 38560A, and enalkiren) in sodium-depleted normotensive squirrel monkeys. In these monkeys, arterial pressure was measured in the conscious state with a telemetry system. Oral and intravenous maximal effective doses of the three renin inhibitors were compared in parallel groups of ...

In experiments reported here, we tested the ability of CGP-48506 to reverse the depressed cardiac contractility associated with hypercapnic acidosis in isolated rat cardiac myocytes. CGP-48506 is a cardiotonic agent that directly and specifically promotes the actin-cross-bridge reaction. Myocytes superfused at pH 6.8 demonstrated a significantly reduced extent of cell shortening, but an increas...

In this research the constrained groove pressing (CGP) process as a severe plastic deformation (SPD) method was applied on commercially pure aluminum plates. According to the principle of CGP, a material is subjected to repetitive shear deformation by utilizing asymmetrically grooved dies and flat dies which are constrained by a channel. Each complete groove pressing pass consists of four press...

CGP 57148 is a compound of the 2-phenylaminopyrimidine class that selectively inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of the ABL and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) protein tyrosine kinases. We previously showed that CGP 57148 selectively kills p210BCR-ABL-expressing cells. To extend these observations, we evaluated the ability of CGP 57148 to inhibit other activated ABL tyros...

Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) is applied to solving differential equations (DE). We illustrate that repeated elements in analytic solutions to DE can be exploited under GP. An analysis is carried out of the search space in tree and CGP frameworks, examining the complexity of different DE problems. Experimental results are provided against benchmark ordinary and partial differential equati...