Semiconductor supply chain is increasingly getting exposed to variety of security attacks such as Trojan insertion, cloning, counterfeiting, reverse engineering (RE), piracy of Intellectual Property (IP) or Integrated Circuit (IC) and side-channel analysis due to involvement of untrusted parties. In this paper, we propose transistor threshold voltage-defined switches to camouflage the logic gat...

Rare earth elements (REEs) are crucial to accomplishing renewable energy targets throughout the world, including electrical vehicles and wind energy. Despite extensive requirements of REEs, current supply chains mainly fulfilled by Chinese rare (RE) industry. This has resulted in price volatility, chain uncertainties, RE trade disputes. The authors identified 13 factors as constraints develop o...

Dell’s supply chain for desktops involves Asian vendors shipping components by sea to several U.S. plants. While suppliers are responsible for shipping enough inventory, Dell can re-route and expedite their shipments while in transit and also transfer on-hand inventory in order to balance supply across sites. This paper describes the development, implementation and impact of the process and opt...

The one-dimensional small-polaron model with open boundary conditions is considered in the framework of the quantum inverse scattering method. The spin model which is equivalent to the small-polaron model is the Heisenberg XXZ spin chain in an external magnetic field. For spin model, the solutions of the reflection equation (RE) and the dual RE are obtained. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors pro...

An adaptive algorithm is presented for converting the quadtree representation of a binary image to its chain code representation. Our algorithm has the advantage of constructing the chain codes of the resulting quadtree of the Boolean operation of two quadtrees by re-using the original chain codes. This algorithm is adaptive because it can adjust the total number of internal nodes to be stored ...