Alkaline encrusted cystitis is a chronic inflammatory condition. It is rare now because of appropriate antibiotics. It is a challenging situation with regard to its diagnosis and management. We are presenting an interesting case of alkaline cystitis post transurethral resection of prostate. The management includes careful acidification of urine, curettage of calcified material, and appropriate ...

Addison's disease (AD) is a metabolic disorder that affects the metabolism of potassium. The hyperkalemia that results from this condition can be reflected in the electrocardiogram, which could confound the diagnosis of other cardiac conditions. Such a challenging situation was encountered when a 73-year-old male with history of AD presented to the emergency department with chest pain.

Situs inversus dextrocardia is a challenging situation for an interventional cardiologist. This report presents a rare case where multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in a single sitting using transradial approach. The challenges encountered in the procedure and clues to successful outcome are discussed.

Coexisting central and obstructive sleep apnea is a challenging clinical situation. We report a case exhibiting an overnight shift from obstructive to central events. The central sleep apnea component was related to sleep instability, hyperventilation and low nocturnal PaCO2. Both types of respiratory events were successfully treated with adaptive servoventilation.

Communication between collaborating virtual agents and humans is a challenging activity as it can take many forms and requires situation awareness, planning and replanning. In this paper we present the Human-Agent Teamwork Communication (HATCOM) model and scenario that have been integrated into a collaborative virtual learning environment for evaluation purposes.

Optimal management of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer during the current bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) shortage is challenging. Although no evidence-based guidelines exist for this specific situation, current management options can be adapted for when BCG supplies are limited or when BCG is unavailable.

AIM To report a study conducted to explore intensive care unit nurses' perceptions of patient participation in the acute phase of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. BACKGROUND An acute exacerbation is a life-threatening situation, which patients often consider to be extremely frightening. Healthcare personnel exercise considerable power in this situation, which challenges gen...

We study the local profiles of trees. We show that in contrast with the situation for general graphs, the limit set of k-profiles of trees is convex. We initiate a study of the defining inequalities of this convex set. Many challenging problems remain open. C © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Graph Theory 00: 1–11, 2015

With an increase in the availability of implant restorative components, the selection of an appropriate implant abutment for a given clinical situation has become more challenging. This article describes a classification system that will help the practitioner understand the different implant abutments available and therefore be able to understand the selection of abutments for single and multip...

Random walks in random environments (RWRE’s) and their diffusion analogues have been a source of surprising phenomena and challenging problems, especially in the non-reversible situation, since they began to be studied in the 70’s. We review the model, available results and techniques, and point out several gaps in the understanding of these processes. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 6...