However, just as our primitive scanning tool yielded false positives, we believe that there are probably a large number of false negatives in the 2,706,431 PDF files we examined. Indeed, often when our tool reported a Social Security number violation, when we looked around the document we also picked up many other Social Security numbers, birth dates, driver license numbers, Alien IDs, and bank...

The application of finite mixture regression models has recently gained an interest from highway safety researchers because of its considerable potential for addressing unobserved heterogeneity. Finite mixture models assume that the observations of a sample arise from two or more unobserved components with unknown proportions. Both fixed and varying weight parameter models have been shown to be...

When testing multiple hypothesis in a survey –e.g. many different source locations, template waveforms, and so on– the final result consists in a set of confidence intervals, each one at a desired confidence level. But the probability that at least one of these intervals does not cover the true value increases with the number of trials. With a sufficiently large array of confidence intervals, o...

BACKGROUND HIV rapid tests (RT) are a quick and non-technically demanding means to perform HIV voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) but understanding their limitations is vital to delivering quality VCT. OBJECTIVE To determine the sensitivity and specificity of HIV rapid tests used for research and voluntary counselling and testing at four sites in East Africa. DESIGN Cross-sectional stu...

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is increasingly used to study the present and past biodiversity. eDNA analyses often rely on amplification of very small quantities or degraded DNA. To avoid missing detection of taxa that are actually present (false negatives), multiple extractions and amplifications of the same samples are often performed. However, the level of replication needed for rel...

Most biological processes are carried out by protein complexes. A substantial number of false positives of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) data can compromise the utility of the datasets for complexes reconstruction. In order to reduce the impact of such discrepancies, a number of data integration and affinity scoring schemes have been devised. The methods encode the reliabilities (confid...

A high luminosity Tau Charm Factory will yield a sample of 10’ J/y and 5x10’ w’ produced events per month of running. This represents an enormous increase over previous data samples. In this paper the physics of glueballs, charmonium decays, meson spectroscopy, and rare decays of the J/v and w’ that are possible with this data are discussed.

PCR applications that require a high confi dence in the result should be designed to control for the occurrence of false negatives. False negatives can occur from inhibition of one or more of the reaction components by a range of factors. While an external, or batch control is often used, the ideal control is one that is included in the reaction cocktail in a multiplex format. Early approaches ...

When testing multiple hypothesis in a survey –e.g. many different source locations, template waveforms, and so on– the final result consists in a set of confidence intervals, each one at a desired confidence level. But the probability that at least one of these intervals does not cover the true value increases with the number of trials. With a sufficiently large array of confidence intervals, o...

In recent times, sketch based techniques are emerging as useful data stream computation techniques towards processing massive data. In many applications, finding heavy hitters and heavy changers is essential and this task demands reversibility property of sketches. Continuing the trend of arriving at newer reversible sketch, this paper presents a scheme based on Chinese Remainder Theorem. The s...