Experience suggests that strategy entails some interplay of choice, chance, and determinism as causal elements. Specifically, strategy is predicated on causality, or the principle that strategic choices have causes as well as consequences. Yet our discipline lacks a fundamental theory of causation, one that integrates strategic choice and deterministic perspectives and leaves room for chance. I...

This Lecture begins with a puzzle about Albert Hirschman’s famous work, Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Why do we make much of exit and voice but utterly neglect loyalty? It’s a question that goes well beyond Hirschman’s book. For example, much of constitutional theory is preoccupied with a single question: What does a democracy owe its minorities? And most of the answers to this question fit natural...

    Background: Different factors, such as personality and psychological characteristics, are effective in the self-care and control of diabetes. This study aimed at determining the effect of educational intervention based on locus of control structure of attribution theory on the self-care behavior of patients with type II diabetes.    Methods: This was a quasi-experi...

in this article, the results of special effects of privatization of iranian gas refining industry with delphi-dematel integrative approach are presented. according to the results of this research in delphi technique base, all together, experts recognize 39 pivotal factors in privatization of the gas refining companies. then by the aids of dematel technique, in previous step, according to expert...